Abstract
Rare cold-inducible 2 (RCI2) genes from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are part of a multigene family whose members respond to a variety of abiotic stresses by regulating ion homeostasis and stabilizing membranes. In this study, salt, alkali, and ABA treatments were used to induce MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E expression in alfalfa, but the response time and the expression intensity of the MsRCI2D,-E genes were different under specific treatments. The expression intensity of the MsRCI2D gene was the highest in salt- and alkali-stressed leaves, while the MsRCI2E gene more rapidly responded to salt and ABA treatment. In addition to differences in gene expression, MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E differ in their subcellular localization. Akin to MtRCI2D from Medicago truncatula, MsRCI2D is also localized in the cell membrane, while MsRCI2E is different from MtRCI2E, localized in the cell membrane and the inner membrane. This difference might be related to an extra 20 amino acids in the C-terminal tail of MsRCI2E. We investigated the function of MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E proteins in alfalfa by generating transgenic alfalfa chimeras. Compared with the MsRCI2E-overexpressing chimera, under high-salinity stress (200 mmol·L−1 NaCl), the MsRCI2D-overexpressing chimera exhibited a better phenotype, manifested as a higher chlorophyll content and a lower MDA content. After salt treatment, the enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and GR in MsRCI2D- and -E-overexpressing roots were significantly higher than those in the control. In addition, after salt stress, the Na+ content in MsRCI2D- and -E-transformed roots was lower than that in the control; K+ was higher than that in the control; and the Na+/K+ ratio was lower than that in the control. Correspondingly, H+-ATPase, SOS1, and NHX1 genes were significantly up-regulated, and the HKT gene was significantly down-regulated after 6 h of salt treatment. MsRCI2D was also found to regulate the expression of the MsRCI2B and MsRCI2E genes, and the MsRCI2E gene could alter the expression of the MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2D genes. MsRCI2D- and -E-overexpressing alfalfa was found to have higher salt tolerance, manifested as improved activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced content of reactive oxygen species, and sustained Na+ and K+ ion balance by regulating the expression of the H+-ATPase, SOS1, NHX1, HKT, and MsRCI2 genes.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2D expression was highest in salt and alkali stressed leaves.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt- and alkali-stressede0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- expression intensitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression intensity of the MsRCI2D gene was the highest in salt- and alkali-stressed leaves”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2E responded more rapidly to salt and ABA treatment.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- salt and ABA treatmente0
- Gene
- MsRCI2Ee0
- Outcome
- respondede0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MsRCI2E gene more rapidly responded to salt and ABA treatment.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2D was localized in the cell membrane.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- localized in the cell membranee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MsRCI2D is also localized in the cell membrane”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2E was localized in the cell membrane and inner membrane.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- MsRCI2Ee0
- Outcome
- localized in the cell membrane and the inner membranee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MsRCI2E is different from MtRCI2E, localized in the cell membrane and the inner membrane.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested the localization difference may relate to an extra 20 C-terminal amino acids in MsRCI2E.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- MsRCI2Ee0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Value
- 20 amino acidse0
- Qualifier
- C-terminal taile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This difference might be related to an extra 20 amino acids in the C-terminal tail of MsRCI2E.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 200 mmol·L−1 NaCl, MsRCI2D overexpression gave higher chlorophyll content than MsRCI2E overexpression.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- MsRCI2D-overexpressing chimerae0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- high-salinity stress (200 mmol·L−1 NaCl)e0
- Comparator
- MsRCI2E-overexpressing chimerae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MsRCI2E-overexpressing chimera, under high-salinity stress (200 mmol·L−1 NaCl), the MsRCI2D-overexpressing chimera exhibited a better phenotype, manifested as a higher chlorophyll content and a lower MDA content.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 200 mmol·L−1 NaCl, MsRCI2D overexpression gave lower MDA content than MsRCI2E overexpression.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- MsRCI2D-overexpressing chimerae0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- high-salinity stress (200 mmol·L−1 NaCl)e0
- Comparator
- MsRCI2E-overexpressing chimerae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MsRCI2E-overexpressing chimera, under high-salinity stress (200 mmol·L−1 NaCl), the MsRCI2D-overexpressing chimera exhibited a better phenotype, manifested as a higher chlorophyll content and a lower MDA content.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treated MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E overexpressing roots had higher SOD, POD and CAT activity than controls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CATe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After salt treatment, the enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and GR in MsRCI2D- and -E-overexpressing roots were significantly higher than those in the control.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treated MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E overexpressing roots had higher GR activity than controls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- GRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After salt treatment, the enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and GR in MsRCI2D- and -E-overexpressing roots were significantly higher than those in the control.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
After salt stress, transformed roots had lower Na+ content than control roots.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- Na+ contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after salt stress, the Na+ content in MsRCI2D- and -E-transformed roots was lower than that in the control”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
After salt stress, transformed roots had higher K+ than controls.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K+ was higher than that in the control”
t0“Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
After salt stress, transformed roots had lower Na+/K+ ratio than controls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Saltt0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Na+/K+ ratio was lower than that in the control.”
t0“Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Six hours after salt treatment, H+-ATPase, SOS1 and NHX1 genes were up-regulated.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- H+-ATPase, SOS1, and NHX1e0
- Outcome
- H+-ATPase, SOS1, and NHX1 genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- after 6 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H+-ATPase, SOS1, and NHX1 genes were significantly up-regulated, and the HKT gene was significantly down-regulated after 6 h of salt treatment.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Six hours after salt treatment, HKT was down-regulated.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- HKTe0
- Outcome
- HKT genee0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- after 6 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the HKT gene was significantly down-regulated after 6 h of salt treatment.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2D regulated expression of MsRCI2B and MsRCI2E.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- expression of the MsRCI2B and MsRCI2E genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MsRCI2D was also found to regulate the expression of the MsRCI2B and MsRCI2E genes”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2E altered expression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B and MsRCI2D.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- MsRCI2Ee0
- Outcome
- expression of the MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2D genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MsRCI2E gene could alter the expression of the MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2D genes.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E overexpression increased alfalfa salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- MsRCI2D- and -E-overexpressinge0
- Gene
- MsRCI2De0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MsRCI2D- and -E-overexpressing alfalfa was found to have higher salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of MsRCI2D and MsRCI2Et0
- Outcome
- content of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced content of reactive oxygen species”
t0“Overexpression of MsRCI2D and MsRCI2E Enhances Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: ion balance · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.