Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is primarily caused by biotic factors that seriously inhibits the development of apple industry. Therefore, the use of biological control measures to inhibit the main pathogens (such as Fusarium spp.) that cause ARD is of great significance to the sustainable development of the apple industry. Trichoderma virens 6PS-2, which exhibited antagonism toward a variety of pathogens, was screened from the rhizosphere soils of healthy apple trees (Malus Robusta) in different replanted orchards in the Yantai and Zibo Cities, Shandong Province, China. Its fermentation extract inhibited the growth of pathogenic Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5, which was proportional to the concentration. These substances also increased the hairy root volume and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana lateral roots. The phenotype of Malus hupehensis seedlings and microbial community structure in rhizosphere soils in greenhouse experiment using High-throughput sequencing were analyzed, and the field experiment with grafted apple trees were used for further verification. Compared with the application of potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium, application of 6PS-2 spore suspension directly to replanted soils could improve the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings as well as the elongation of grafted apple trees. Concomitant decreases in the gene copy number of Fusarium and increases in the culturable bacteria/fungi were also observed in the greenhouse and field experiments. The abundance of Trichoderma, Bacillus, and Streptomyces increased significantly, but that of Fusarium, Pseudarthrobacter, and Humicola decreased. The content of esters, phenols, furans, and amino acids in root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings increased, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of Fusarium, but was positively correlated with Bacillus and Trichoderma. In summary, T. virens 6PS-2 not only directly inhibits the activity of pathogenic Fusarium but also secrets secondary metabolites with antifungal and growth-promoting potential. In addition, 6PS-2 spore suspension can also promote the growth of plants to a certain extent, and change the soil microbial community structure of rhizosphere soils. It is believed that T. virens 6PS-2 has the potential for the alleviation of apple replant disease (ARD) in China.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation extract of Trichoderma virens 6PS-2 inhibited the growth of pathogenic Fusarium proliferatum in proportion to its concentration.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat1 - Treatment
- fermentation extracte1
- Interactor
- Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5Fusarium proliferatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of pathogenic Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5e1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- proportional to the concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Its fermentation extract inhibited the growth of pathogenic Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5, which was proportional to the concentration”
t1“apple replant disease”
Claim · model-written summary
These substances increased hairy root volume and lateral root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae2 - Treatment
- These substancese2
- Outcome
- hairy root volume and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana lateral rootse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These substances also increased the hairy root volume and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana lateral roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens 6PS-2 spore suspension improved the growth of Malus hupehensis seedlings compared with PDB medium in replanted soil.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensis
Malus hupehensise3 - Treatment
- 6PS-2 spore suspensione3
- Interactor
- 6PS-2e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of M. hupehensis seedlingse3
- Direction
- improvee3
- Comparator
- potato dextrose broth (PDB) mediume3
- Setting
- replanted soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared with the application of potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium, application of 6PS-2 spore suspension directly to replanted soils could improve the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings as well as the elongation of grafted apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens 6PS-2 spore suspension improved the elongation of grafted apple trees compared with PDB medium.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae3
- Treatment
- 6PS-2 spore suspensione3
- Interactor
- 6PS-2e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- the elongation of grafted apple treese3
- Direction
- improvee3
- Comparator
- potato dextrose broth (PDB) mediume3
- Setting
- replanted soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared with the application of potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium, application of 6PS-2 spore suspension directly to replanted soils could improve the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings as well as the elongation of grafted apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene copy number of Fusarium decreased in the greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- gene copy number of Fusariume4
- Direction
- decreasese4
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse4
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Concomitant decreases in the gene copy number of Fusarium and increases in the culturable bacteria/fungi were also observed in the greenhouse and field experiments”
t1“apple replant disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Culturable bacteria and fungi increased in the greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- culturable bacteria/fungie4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Concomitant decreases in the gene copy number of Fusarium and increases in the culturable bacteria/fungi were also observed in the greenhouse and field experiments”
t1“apple replant disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundance of Trichoderma, Bacillus and Streptomyces increased significantly in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- abundance of Trichoderma, Bacillus, and Streptomycese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The abundance of Trichoderma, Bacillus, and Streptomyces increased significantly, but that of Fusarium, Pseudarthrobacter, and Humicola decreased”
t1“apple replant disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundance of Fusarium, Pseudarthrobacter and Humicola decreased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- that of Fusarium, Pseudarthrobacter, and Humicolae3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The abundance of Trichoderma, Bacillus, and Streptomyces increased significantly, but that of Fusarium, Pseudarthrobacter, and Humicola decreased”
t1“apple replant disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings had increased content of esters, phenols and furans.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensisMalus hupehensise5
- Outcome
- content of esters, phenols, furanse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The content of esters, phenols, furans, and amino acids in root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings increased, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of Fusarium, but was positively correlated with Bacillus and Trichoderma”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings had increased amino acid content.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensisMalus hupehensise5
- Outcome
- amino acidse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The content of esters, phenols, furans, and amino acids in root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings increased, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of Fusarium, but was positively correlated with Bacillus and Trichoderma”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate compounds significantly inhibited the multiplication of Fusarium.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensisMalus hupehensise5
- Compound
- esters, phenols, furans, and amino acidse5
- Outcome
- multiplication of Fusariume5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The content of esters, phenols, furans, and amino acids in root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings increased, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of Fusarium, but was positively correlated with Bacillus and Trichoderma”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate compounds were positively correlated with Bacillus and Trichoderma.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensisMalus hupehensise5
- Compound
- esters, phenols, furans, and amino acidse5
- Outcome
- Bacillus and Trichodermae5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The content of esters, phenols, furans, and amino acids in root exudates of M. hupehensis seedlings increased, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of Fusarium, but was positively correlated with Bacillus and Trichoderma”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens 6PS-2 showed antagonism toward a variety of pathogens in apple tree rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae6
- Interactor
- a variety of pathogense6pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma virens 6PS-2Trichoderma virense6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonism toward a variety of pathogense6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Trichoderma virens 6PS-2, which exhibited antagonism toward a variety of pathogens, was screened from the rhizosphere soils of healthy apple trees (Malus Robusta)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens 6PS-2 is believed to have potential for the alleviation of apple replant disease.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- the alleviation of apple replant diseasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It is believed that T. virens 6PS-2 has the potential for the alleviation of apple replant disease (ARD) in China”
t1“apple replant disease”
The same questions in other papers
processing · Fusarium proliferatum · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.