Abstract
Abstract Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and multiple applications of selected pesticides were tested for their influence on net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (Tr) of leaves of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.). Application by aerosol, spray, soil surface incorporation, and fumigation using commercially available pesticide materials adaptable to each had no influence on Pn. Rates of aldicarb in excess of 5 g/20 cm diameter pot (2.9 liter) caused a reduction in Pn. Rates above 14 g/20 cm pot reduced Tr and induced leaf chlorosis and defoliation. One to 3 applications of diazinon, methomyl, and oxamyl had no affect on Pn or Tr but 5 applications reduced Pn and had no effect on Tr. Plictran decreased Pn of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves after 5 applications. A single application of daminozide or ethephon had no measurable influence on Pn or Tr. The growth regulators did not alter the influence of pesticides on Pn. Plictran and oxamyl increased the severity of leaf spotting on ‘Golden Delicious’.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide application by aerosol, spray, soil incorporation or fumigation had no influence on net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- aerosol, spray, soil surface incorporation, and fumigatione0
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e0“Application by aerosol, spray, soil surface incorporation, and fumigation using commercially available pesticide materials adaptable to each had no influence on Pn”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldicarb above 5 g/20 cm pot reduced net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- aldicarbe1
- Outcome
- Pne1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 5 g/20 cm diameter pote1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e1“Rates of aldicarb in excess of 5 g/20 cm diameter pot (2.9 liter) caused a reduction in Pn”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldicarb above 14 g/20 cm pot reduced transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rates above 14 g/20 cm pote2
- Outcome
- Tre2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e2“Rates above 14 g/20 cm pot reduced Tr and induced leaf chlorosis and defoliation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldicarb above 14 g/20 cm pot induced leaf chlorosis and defoliation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rates above 14 g/20 cm pote2
- Outcome
- leaf chlorosis and defoliatione2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e2“Rates above 14 g/20 cm pot reduced Tr and induced leaf chlorosis and defoliation”
Claim · model-written summary
One to 3 applications of diazinon had no effect on net photosynthesis or transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- One to 3 applications of diazinone3
- Outcome
- Pn or Tre3
- Direction
- no affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e3“One to 3 applications of diazinon, methomyl, and oxamyl had no affect on Pn or Tr but 5 applications reduced Pn and had no effect on Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
One to 3 applications of methomyl had no effect on net photosynthesis or transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- methomyle3
- Outcome
- Pn or Tre3
- Direction
- no affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e3“One to 3 applications of diazinon, methomyl, and oxamyl had no affect on Pn or Tr but 5 applications reduced Pn and had no effect on Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
One to 3 applications of oxamyl had no effect on net photosynthesis or transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- oxamyle3
- Outcome
- Pn or Tre3
- Direction
- no affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e3“One to 3 applications of diazinon, methomyl, and oxamyl had no affect on Pn or Tr but 5 applications reduced Pn and had no effect on Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
Five pesticide applications reduced net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 5 applicationse3
- Outcome
- Pne3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e3“One to 3 applications of diazinon, methomyl, and oxamyl had no affect on Pn or Tr but 5 applications reduced Pn and had no effect on Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
Five pesticide applications had no effect on transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 5 applicationse3
- Outcome
- Tre3
- Direction
- no effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e3“One to 3 applications of diazinon, methomyl, and oxamyl had no affect on Pn or Tr but 5 applications reduced Pn and had no effect on Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
Daminozide had no measurable influence on net photosynthesis or transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- daminozidee5
- Outcome
- Pn or Tre5
- Direction
- no measurable influencee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e5“A single application of daminozide or ethephon had no measurable influence on Pn or Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon had no measurable influence on net photosynthesis or transpiration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone5
- Outcome
- Pn or Tre5
- Direction
- no measurable influencee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e5“A single application of daminozide or ethephon had no measurable influence on Pn or Tr”
Claim · model-written summary
Plictran decreased net photosynthesis of Delicious leaves after five applications.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e4“Plictran decreased Pn of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves after 5 applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Plictran decreased net photosynthesis of Golden Delicious leaves after five applications.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse4
- Treatment
- Plictrane4
- Outcome
- Pne4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e4“Plictran decreased Pn of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves after 5 applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Plictran increased the severity of leaf spotting.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Plictrane6
- Outcome
- severity of leaf spottinge6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e6“Plictran and oxamyl increased the severity of leaf spotting”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl increased the severity of leaf spotting.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- oxamyle6
- Outcome
- severity of leaf spottinge6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e6“Plictran and oxamyl increased the severity of leaf spotting”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators did not alter the influence of pesticides on net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse7
- Outcome
- influence of pesticides on Pne7
- Direction
- did not altere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greenhouse-grown Apple Trees”
e7“The growth regulators did not alter the influence of pesticides on Pn”
The same questions in other papers
Daminozide · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
class · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
application · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.