Abstract
Climate change seriously threatens global crop production. However, there are few reports on field crop yield and yield components based on long-term different climate conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify and compare the differences in crop yield and yield components in long-term tillage and straw returning under different climate regions. Conventional tillage (CT) and rotary tillage (RT) in combination with no straw return and whole straw return (S) were conducted under a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system in cool-wet and warm-dry regions from 2010 to 2019. We hypothesized that long-term suitable tillage under warm-dry or cool-wet regions can increase the yield and components of wheat and maize, and temperature and precipitation had significant effects on crop yield and yield components. Conventional tillage with straw return (CTS) in the warm-dry region and rotary tillage with straw return (RTS) in the cool-wet region can increase the yield and yield components of wheat and maize, respectively, compared with CT. The yield stability of wheat was higher than that of maize under the two climate conditions. Compared with tillage practices, the effects of experimental sites and straw return on crop yield and yield components were more remarkable. The combination of mean temperature, annual precipitation, and yield components explained 75% and 100% of the variance in the wheat yield and maize yield, respectively. The thousand-kernel weight was the key factor in regulating wheat yield, and kernel number was the key factor in regulating maize yield. In conclusion, the combination of rotary tillage in cool-wet regions or conventional tillage in warm-dry regions with straw return is a good technique for increasing crop security.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage with straw return in the warm-dry region increased wheat yield and yield components compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Conventional tillage with straw return (CTS)e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- CTe0
- Setting
- warm-dry regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage with straw return (CTS) in the warm-dry region and rotary tillage with straw return (RTS) in the cool-wet region can increase the yield and yield components of wheat and maize, respectively, compared with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tillage with straw return in the cool-wet region increased maize yield and yield components compared with conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- rotary tillage with straw return (RTS)e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- CTe0
- Setting
- cool-wet regione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage with straw return (CTS) in the warm-dry region and rotary tillage with straw return (RTS) in the cool-wet region can increase the yield and yield components of wheat and maize, respectively, compared with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield stability of wheat was higher than that of maize under both climate conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- yield stabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield stability of wheat was higher than that of maize under the two climate conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental sites and straw return had more remarkable effects on crop yield and yield components than tillage practices.
- Outcome
- effects of experimental sites and straw return on crop yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- more remarkablee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with tillage practices, the effects of experimental sites and straw return on crop yield and yield components were more remarkable”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean temperature, annual precipitation and yield components together explained 75% of the variance in wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- mean temperature, annual precipitation, and yield componentse0
- Outcome
- variance in the wheat yielde0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of mean temperature, annual precipitation, and yield components explained 75% and 100% of the variance in the wheat yield and maize yield, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean temperature, annual precipitation and yield components together explained 100% of the variance in maize yield.
- Treatment
- mean temperature, annual precipitation, and yield componentse0
- Outcome
- variance in the wheat yield and maize yielde0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of mean temperature, annual precipitation, and yield components explained 75% and 100% of the variance in the wheat yield and maize yield, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-kernel weight was the key factor regulating wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Qualifier
- thousand-kernel weight was the key factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The thousand-kernel weight was the key factor in regulating wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel number was the key factor regulating maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel number was the key factor in regulating maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tillage in cool-wet regions or conventional tillage in warm-dry regions, each with straw return, is a good technique for increasing crop security.
- Outcome
- increasing crop securitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the combination of rotary tillage in cool-wet regions or conventional tillage in warm-dry regions with straw return is a good technique for increasing crop security”
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