Abstract
Salt stress is a serious and current global problem for crops. Due to climate change, the soil today has higher salinity levels than in past decades. Identifying temperature, light, and salinity that allow plants to germinate and grow is an ambitious challenge for the future. Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) is a plant that undergoes abiotic stress during all stages of growth. The aim of this work was to identify the best conditions in terms of light, temperature, and salinity during the germination and growth phases of H. sabdariffa. To improve the germination of H. sabdariffa seed, the effects of abiotic stress were investigated in three experiments. In the first experiment, the factors included light at two levels (light and dark cycles) and temperature at eight levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C). In the second experiment, the effect of salinity was examined at seven levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mM NaCl). In the third experiment, the factors consisted of seed halopriming at two levels (0 and 180 mM NaCl for 24 h) and salinity at seven levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mM NaCl). The highest germination rate (GR), seedling dry weight, and uniformity of germination were obtained at 30 °C in dark conditions, as reported by one-way Anova analysis. Germination was restricted by temperatures lower and higher than 5 and 30 °C, respectively. By increasing the salinity, all the germination characteristics were decreased, but these effects were less pronounced by halopriming. The most suitable planting date was in the spring, when the temperature was in the range of 25–35 °C. During the germination stage, Hibiscus tea is sensitive to low salinity soils. Halopriming can be performed for enhancing GR and emergence percentage.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 °C in darkness, germination rate, seedling dry weight and uniformity were highest.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus sabdariffa
Hibiscus sabdariffae0 - Treatment
- 30 °C in dark conditionse1
- Outcome
- germination rate (GR), seedling dry weight, and uniformity of germinatione1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa)”
e1“The highest germination rate (GR), seedling dry weight, and uniformity of germination were obtained at 30 °C in dark conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperatures below 5 °C or above 30 °C restricted germination.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus sabdariffaHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- temperatures lower and higher than 5 and 30 °Ce1
- Outcome
- Germinatione1
- Direction
- restrictede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa)”
e1“Germination was restricted by temperatures lower and higher than 5 and 30 °C, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity reduced germination characteristics.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus sabdariffaHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- increasing the salinitye1
- Outcome
- germination characteristicse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa)”
e1“By increasing the salinity, all the germination characteristics were decreased, but these effects were less pronounced by halopriming.”
Claim · model-written summary
Halopriming reduced the adverse salinity effect on germination characteristics.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus sabdariffaHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Treatment
- halopriminge1
- Outcome
- effectse1
- Direction
- less pronouncede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa)”
e1“By increasing the salinity, all the germination characteristics were decreased, but these effects were less pronounced by halopriming.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend spring planting at 25–35 °C.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus sabdariffaHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Outcome
- planting date was in the springe1
- Qualifier
- 25–35 °Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa)”
e1“The most suitable planting date was in the spring, when the temperature was in the range of 25–35 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hibiscus tea is sensitive to low soil salinity during germination.
Verbatim
e0“During the germination stage, Hibiscus tea is sensitive to low salinity soils.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend halopriming to improve germination rate and emergence.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus sabdariffaHibiscus sabdariffae0
- Outcome
- Halopriming can be performed for enhancing GR and emergence percentagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa)”
e1“Halopriming can be performed for enhancing GR and emergence percentage.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.