Abstract
In the present study, an eco-friendly process was made for the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The process was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These green silver nanoparticles (NPs) were used for mitigating the adverse effects of salinity on seed germination and growth parameters in plants. Accordingly, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, seven concentrations of green silver NPs and nine levels of NaCl:CaCl were apptoed on seeds for germination, and their effects were evaluated. In the second experiment, three concentrations of green silver NPs and NaCl were hypothesized to affect plant growth parameters. Seed germination, plant height, leaf, and root fresh and dry weights, as well as relative water content (RWC), decreased significantly under salt stress. However, green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress. Accordingly, green silver NPs were beneficial due to (1) activation of the antioxidant system by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); (2) increase in the amounts of proline, soluble sugars and carbohydrates for osmoprotection; (3) improvements in flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. Real-time PCR showed that flavonoid and anthocyanin contents increased because of higher expressions in chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) genes. In conclusion, green silver NPs offered an eco-friendly application for further research on agricultural development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced seed germination.
- Taxon
- Roselle plants
Hibiscus sabdariffat0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination, plant height, leaf, and root fresh and dry weights, as well as relative water content (RWC), decreased significantly under salt stress.”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced plant height.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination, plant height, leaf, and root fresh and dry weights, as well as relative water content (RWC), decreased significantly under salt stress.”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced leaf and root fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf, and root fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination, plant height, leaf, and root fresh and dry weights, as well as relative water content (RWC), decreased significantly under salt stress.”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced relative water content.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination, plant height, leaf, and root fresh and dry weights, as well as relative water content (RWC), decreased significantly under salt stress.”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green silver nanoparticles alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Treatment
- green silver NPse0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles enhanced antioxidant enzymes CAT, APX and POD.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD)e0
- Outcome
- activation of the antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of the antioxidant system by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles enhanced superoxide dismutase.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- activation of the antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of the antioxidant system by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles increased proline, soluble sugars and carbohydrate amounts.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Treatment
- green silver NPse1
- Outcome
- amounts of proline, soluble sugars and carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in the amounts of proline, soluble sugars and carbohydrates for osmoprotection”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles improved flavonoid and anthocyanin contents.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Treatment
- green silver NPse1
- Outcome
- flavonoid and anthocyanin contentse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvements in flavonoid and anthocyanin contents”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CHS, F3H and ANS expression was proposed to explain increased flavonoid and anthocyanin contents.
- Taxon
- Roselle plantsHibiscus sabdariffat0
- Gene
- chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS)e0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and anthocyanin contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid and anthocyanin contents increased because of higher expressions in chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) genes.”
t0“Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles”
e1“green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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