Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of adding Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus brevis (LBR) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the fermentation quality, nitrate degradation and bacterial community of sorghum-sudangrass silage. The results showed that the addition of LB significantly increased the pH and acetic acid content ( p < 0.05), but high-quality silage was obtained. The addition of LBR and BS improved the fermentation quality of sorghum-sudangrass silage. The use of additives reduced the nitrate content in sorghum-sudangrass silage. The LB group increased the release of N 2 O at 3–7 days of ensiling ( p < 0.05), and LBR and BS increased the release of N 2 O at 1–40 days of ensiling ( p < 0.05). On the first day of ensiling, all silages were dominated by Weisslla , over 3 days of ensiling all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus . Acinetobacter , Serratia , Aquabacterium, and unclassified_f_enterobacteriaceae showed significant negative correlations with nitrate degradation during sorghum-sudangrass ensiling ( p < 0.05). The BS and LBR groups increased the metabolic abundance of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reduction ( p < 0.05). Overall, the additive ensures the fermentation quality of sorghum-sudangrass silage and promotes the degradation of nitrate by altering the bacterial community.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus buchneri increased silage pH.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus buchnerie1other
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the addition of LB significantly increased the pH and acetic acid content ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus buchneri (LB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus buchneri increased silage acetic acid content.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus buchnerie1other
- Outcome
- acetic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the addition of LB significantly increased the pH and acetic acid content ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus buchneri (LB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus buchneri produced high-quality silage.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBe1
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus buchnerie1other
- Outcome
- high-quality silagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“but high-quality silage was obtained”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus buchneri (LB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus brevis improved silage fermentation quality.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasse0
- Treatment
- LBRe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus brevis
Levilactobacillus brevise1other - Outcome
- fermentation qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of LBR and BS improved the fermentation quality of sorghum-sudangrass silage.”
e1“Lactobacillus brevis (LBR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis improved silage fermentation quality.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasse0
- Treatment
- BSe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise1other - Outcome
- fermentation qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of LBR and BS improved the fermentation quality of sorghum-sudangrass silage.”
e1“Bacillus subtilis (BS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Additives reduced nitrate content in sorghum-sudangrass silage.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The use of additives reduced the nitrate content in sorghum-sudangrass silage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus buchneri increased N 2 O release at 3–7 days.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus buchnerie1other
- Outcome
- release of N 2 Oe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3–7 days of ensilinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The LB group increased the release of N 2 O at 3–7 days of ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus buchneri (LB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus brevis increased N 2 O release at 1–40 days.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBRe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus brevisLevilactobacillus brevise1other
- Outcome
- release of N 2 Oe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 1–40 days of ensilinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LBR and BS increased the release of N 2 O at 1–40 days of ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus brevis (LBR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased N 2 O release at 1–40 days.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- BSe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise1other
- Outcome
- release of N 2 Oe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 1–40 days of ensilinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LBR and BS increased the release of N 2 O at 1–40 days of ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Bacillus subtilis (BS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weisslla dominated all silages on day one.
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Verbatim
e0“On the first day of ensiling, all silages were dominated by Weisslla”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus dominated all silages after three days.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus
Lactobacilluse0other - Outcome
- dominated by Lactobacilluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over 3 days of ensiling all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Acinetobacter abundance correlated negatively with nitrate degradation.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasse0
- Interactor
- Acinetobacter
Acinetobactere0other - Outcome
- nitrate degradatione0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acinetobacter , Serratia , Aquabacterium, and unclassified_f_enterobacteriaceae showed significant negative correlations with nitrate degradation during sorghum-sudangrass ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia abundance correlated negatively with nitrate degradation.
Verbatim
e0“Acinetobacter , Serratia , Aquabacterium, and unclassified_f_enterobacteriaceae showed significant negative correlations with nitrate degradation during sorghum-sudangrass ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquabacterium abundance correlated negatively with nitrate degradation.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasse0
- Interactor
- Aquabacterium
Aquabacteriume0other - Outcome
- nitrate degradatione0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acinetobacter , Serratia , Aquabacterium, and unclassified_f_enterobacteriaceae showed significant negative correlations with nitrate degradation during sorghum-sudangrass ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unclassified enterobacteriaceae correlated negatively with nitrate degradation.
Verbatim
e0“Acinetobacter , Serratia , Aquabacterium, and unclassified_f_enterobacteriaceae showed significant negative correlations with nitrate degradation during sorghum-sudangrass ensiling ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased denitrification metabolic abundance.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- BSe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise1other
- Outcome
- metabolic abundance of denitrificatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BS and LBR groups increased the metabolic abundance of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reduction ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Bacillus subtilis (BS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus brevis increased denitrification metabolic abundance.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBRe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus brevisLevilactobacillus brevise1other
- Outcome
- metabolic abundance of denitrificatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BS and LBR groups increased the metabolic abundance of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reduction ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus brevis (LBR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reduction metabolic abundance.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- BSe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise1other
- Outcome
- dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reductione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BS and LBR groups increased the metabolic abundance of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reduction ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Bacillus subtilis (BS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus brevis increased dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reduction metabolic abundance.
- Taxon
- sorghum-sudangrasst0
- Treatment
- LBRe0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus brevisLevilactobacillus brevise1other
- Outcome
- dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reductione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BS and LBR groups increased the metabolic abundance of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory nitrate reduction ( p < 0.05)”
t0“sorghum-sudangrass”
e1“Lactobacillus brevis (LBR)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute quality maintenance and nitrate degradation to altered bacterial communities.
Verbatim
e0“the additive ensures the fermentation quality of sorghum-sudangrass silage and promotes the degradation of nitrate by altering the bacterial community”