Abstract
Salt stress is a common abiotic stress that negatively affects crop growth and yield. However, there have been significant differences found on the effect degree and management mechanism in plants under neutral salt stress and alkaline stress. In this study, two soybean cultivars, Heihe 49 (HH49, saline-alkali stress tolerant) and Henong 95 (HN95, saline-alkali stress sensitive), were hydroponically cultured and treated with salt solutions of 25, 50, and 75 mM Na+ in the form of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3. Plants treated with alkaline stress (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) showed a greater decrease in root growth and root activity of both soybean cultivar seedlings than that under neutral salt stresses (NaCl and Na2SO4) with 25–75 mM Na+ concentration. Alkaline stress (25–50 mM Na+ content) activated a higher ability of antioxidant defense (by enhancing the activists of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) and increased the content of soluble sugars to a higher level than that under neutral salt stresses. However, 75 mM Na+ content salt treatments reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulating substance content. Furthermore, alkaline salt and neutral salt stress was able to induce DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in HH49 and HN95 seedling roots. Treatment with Na2CO3 induced the least random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism in soybean seedling roots among all salt treatments, which could have been related to the early cell cycle arrest.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress decreased root growth and activity more than neutral salt stress in HH49 soybean seedlings at 25–75 mM Na+.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Heihe 49e1
- Treatment
- alkaline stress (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3)e0
- Outcome
- root growth and root activitye0
- Direction
- greater decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 25–75 mM Na+ concentratione0
- Comparator
- neutral salt stresses (NaCl and Na2SO4)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with alkaline stress (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) showed a greater decrease in root growth and root activity of both soybean cultivar seedlings than that under neutral salt stresses (NaCl and Na2SO4) with 25–75 mM Na+ concentration.”
e1“Heihe 49 (HH49, saline-alkali stress tolerant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress decreased root growth and activity more than neutral salt stress in HN95 soybean seedlings at 25–75 mM Na+.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Henong 95e1
- Treatment
- alkaline stress (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3)e0
- Outcome
- root growth and root activitye0
- Direction
- greater decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 25–75 mM Na+ concentratione0
- Comparator
- neutral salt stresses (NaCl and Na2SO4)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with alkaline stress (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) showed a greater decrease in root growth and root activity of both soybean cultivar seedlings than that under neutral salt stresses (NaCl and Na2SO4) with 25–75 mM Na+ concentration.”
e1“Henong 95 (HN95, saline-alkali stress sensitive)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25–50 mM Na+, alkaline stress enhanced SOD, POD and APX antioxidant defense more than neutral salt stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Alkaline stress (25–50 mM Na+ content)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defensee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- by enhancing the activists of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Comparator
- neutral salt stressese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress (25–50 mM Na+ content) activated a higher ability of antioxidant defense (by enhancing the activists of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX))”
e1“than that under neutral salt stresses.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress at 25–50 mM Na+ increased soluble sugar content more than neutral salt stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Alkaline stress (25–50 mM Na+ content)e0
- Outcome
- content of soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- neutral salt stressese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress (25–50 mM Na+ content)”
e1“increased the content of soluble sugars to a higher level than that under neutral salt stresses.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatments at 75 mM Na+ reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulating substance content in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mM Na+ content salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulating substance contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75 mM Na+ content salt treatments reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulating substance content.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline and neutral salt stress induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in HH49 soybean seedling roots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- HH49e0
- Organ / stage
- seedling rootse0
- Treatment
- alkaline salt and neutral salt stresse0
- Outcome
- DNA damage and cell cycle arreste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline salt and neutral salt stress was able to induce DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in HH49 and HN95 seedling roots.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline and neutral salt stress induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in HN95 soybean seedling roots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- HN95e0
- Organ / stage
- seedling rootse0
- Treatment
- alkaline salt and neutral salt stresse0
- Outcome
- DNA damage and cell cycle arreste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline salt and neutral salt stress was able to induce DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in HH49 and HN95 seedling roots.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 induced the least RAPD polymorphism among salt treatments in soybean seedling roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedling rootse0
- Treatment
- Na2CO3e0
- Outcome
- random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphisme0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Comparator
- all salt treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with Na2CO3 induced the least random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism in soybean seedling roots among all salt treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The low RAPD polymorphism under Na2CO3 in soybean roots could be related to early cell cycle arrest.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Na2CO3e0
- Outcome
- random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphisme0
- Qualifier
- could have been related to the early cell cycle arreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with Na2CO3 induced the least random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism in soybean seedling roots among all salt treatments, which could have been related to the early cell cycle arrest.”
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