Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major factors that reduce annual agricultural produce. This has led to numerous studies investigating means to improve tolerance to salt stress. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule involved in the regulation of diverse processes in plants. Certain studies have demonstrated the role of exogenous application of NO in mediating responses to abiotic stress. We investigated the role of exogenously applied NO 2,2′(hydroxynitrosohydrazono) bis-ethanimine (DETA/NO) in ameliorating long term salinity stress on soybean. Long term salinity stress in the form of a final concentration of 80 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) over a 16 day period drastically affected the plants as indicated by decreased biomass of shoots, roots and nodules of soybean plants. In contrast, supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NO improved growth of soybean plants under NaCl as evidenced by increased shoot, root and nodule weights and nodule number. Further analysis showed that long-term salinity stress led to increased cellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and high levels of cell death in the soybean. Treatments with NO, either as DETA/NO alone or in combination with NaCl, resulted in reversal of H 2 O 2 to basal levels. This study showed that application of DETA/NO resulted in increased enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). We propose that the role of NO in increasing tolerance to salinity stress in soybean may result from either its antioxidant capacity by direct scavenging of H 2 O 2 or its role in activating APX activity that is crucial in scavenging H 2 O 2 .
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term NaCl salinity decreased biomass of shoots, roots and nodules of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- sodium chloride (NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- biomass of shoots, roots and nodulese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e0“Long term salinity stress in the form of a final concentration of 80 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) over a 16 day period drastically affected the plants as indicated by decreased biomass of shoots, roots and nodules of soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NO under NaCl increased shoot, root and nodule weights.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NOe1
- Outcome
- shoot, root and nodule weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- NaCle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e1“supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NO improved growth of soybean plants under NaCl as evidenced by increased shoot, root and nodule weights and nodule number”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NO under NaCl increased nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NOe1
- Outcome
- nodule numbere1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- NaCle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e1“supplementation with 10 μM DETA/NO improved growth of soybean plants under NaCl as evidenced by increased shoot, root and nodule weights and nodule number”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term NaCl salinity increased cellular hydrogen peroxide content in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- long-term salinity stresse3
- Outcome
- cellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e3“long-term salinity stress led to increased cellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and high levels of cell death in the soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term NaCl salinity led to high levels of cell death in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- long-term salinity stresse3
- Outcome
- cell deathe3
- Direction
- high levelse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e3“long-term salinity stress led to increased cellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and high levels of cell death in the soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
DETA/NO alone or with NaCl reversed hydrogen peroxide to basal levels in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- DETA/NO alone or in combination with NaCle2
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2e2
- Direction
- reversale2
- Comparator
- basal levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e2“Treatments with NO, either as DETA/NO alone or in combination with NaCl, resulted in reversal of H 2 O 2 to basal levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of DETA/NO increased ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of DETA/NOe4
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e4
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of exogenous application of nitric oxide on salt stress responses of soybean”
e4“application of DETA/NO resulted in increased enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.