Abstract
The study was aimed at determining the most suitable irrigation schedule program for hemp grown for fibers by using evaporation from the free water surface (Eo), measured by a Class A pan and related crop plant coefficient (Kc). The experiment, carried out in Vojvodina, a northern part of the Republic of Serbia, included three irrigation regimes: I1, I2, and I3 corresponding, respectively, to daily evaporation from an open water surface (Eo), two interrow spacings: RS1 (12.5 cm) and RS2 (25 cm), and topped (T) and not topped (NT) variants. The Kc values used for the calculation of daily evapotranspiration (ETd) were 0.42 for April and May and 1.00 (I1), 0.80 (I2), and 0.60 (I3) from June to the harvest. In addition, the nonirrigated (Io) control variant was also included in the trial. The dioecious fiber hemp variety Marina was used for the trials. Irrigation was carried out by a drip irrigation system and was scheduled based on the water budget method. It started when readily available water (RAW) in the soil layer of 0.4 m was completely depleted by the plants. In the first year of the study, irrigation did not influence the yield of hemp fiber, but in the second one, the best result was achieved for the irrigation variant I1. Interrow spacing did not have a statistically significant effect on both the hemp fiber yield and the quality. The topping of plants significantly decreased the yield of hemp, and it is not recommended when the hemp is cultivated for fibers. The quality of the hemp fibers was not influenced by irrigation, inter-row spacing, and topping. The rate of hemp evapotranspiration was in an interval of 312 mm (ETa) to 520 mm (ETm). The highest values of IWUE and ETWUE in both years and the bark yield in the first year were detected for the I3 irrigation variant, which suggested that the crop plant coefficient (Kc) of 0.6 could be recommended for the correction of Eo values in the calculation of the daily evapotranspiration of hemp (ETd) from June to August. The yield response factor (Ky) with values of 0.22 and 0.60 for the total growing season reveals that, in rainy years, hemp for fiber production could be grown without irrigation in the temperate climate of the Vojvodina region. However, such years are rare. Without doubt, irrigation of fiber hemp is recommended in the mentioned region in order to obtain high yields of good quality product.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not influence hemp fiber yield in the first year.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativae0 - Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield of hemp fibere0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first year of the study, irrigation did not influence the yield of hemp fiber”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation variant I1 gave the best fiber yield result in the second year.
- Taxon
- HempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- irrigation variant I1e0
- Outcome
- best resulte0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the second one, the best result was achieved for the irrigation variant I1”
t0“Yield and Quality of Hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Interrow spacing had no statistically significant effect on hemp fiber yield.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- Interrow spacinge0
- Outcome
- hemp fiber yielde0
- Direction
- did not have a statistically significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interrow spacing did not have a statistically significant effect on both the hemp fiber yield and the quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Interrow spacing had no statistically significant effect on hemp fiber quality.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- Interrow spacinge0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- did not have a statistically significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interrow spacing did not have a statistically significant effect on both the hemp fiber yield and the quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping significantly decreased hemp yield.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- topping of plantse0
- Outcome
- yield of hempe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The topping of plants significantly decreased the yield of hemp”
t0“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not influence hemp fiber quality.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- quality of the hemp fiberse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The quality of the hemp fibers was not influenced by irrigation, inter-row spacing, and topping”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping did not influence hemp fiber quality.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- toppinge0
- Outcome
- quality of the hemp fiberse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The quality of the hemp fibers was not influenced by irrigation, inter-row spacing, and topping”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp evapotranspiration ranged from 312 mm actual to 520 mm maximum.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Outcome
- evapotranspiratione0
- Value
- 312 mm (ETa) to 520 mm (ETm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of hemp evapotranspiration was in an interval of 312 mm (ETa) to 520 mm (ETm)”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 had the highest irrigation water use efficiency in both years.
- Taxon
- HempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- I3 irrigation variante0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of IWUE and ETWUE in both years and the bark yield in the first year were detected for the I3 irrigation variant”
t0“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 had the highest evapotranspiration water use efficiency in both years.
- Taxon
- HempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- I3 irrigation variante0
- Outcome
- ETWUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of IWUE and ETWUE in both years and the bark yield in the first year were detected for the I3 irrigation variant”
t0“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 gave the highest bark yield in the first year.
- Taxon
- HempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- I3 irrigation variante0
- Outcome
- bark yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in the first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of IWUE and ETWUE in both years and the bark yield in the first year were detected for the I3 irrigation variant”
t0“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The hemp yield response factor was 0.22 and 0.60 over the total growing season.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The yield response factor (Ky) with values of 0.22 and 0.60 for the total growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend not topping hemp cultivated for fiber.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- topping of plantse0
- Outcome
- it is not recommended when the hemp is cultivated for fiberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The topping of plants significantly decreased the yield of hemp, and it is not recommended when the hemp is cultivated for fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
A crop coefficient of 0.6 was recommended for hemp daily evapotranspiration calculations from June to August.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Outcome
- crop plant coefficient (Kc) of 0.6 could be recommendede0
- Value
- 0.6e0
- Qualifier
- from June to Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crop plant coefficient (Kc) of 0.6 could be recommended for the correction of Eo values in the calculation of the daily evapotranspiration of hemp (ETd) from June to August”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp fiber may be grown without irrigation in rainy years in temperate Vojvodina.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Outcome
- could be grown without irrigatione0
- Qualifier
- in rainy yearse0
- Setting
- Vojvodina regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in rainy years, hemp for fiber production could be grown without irrigation in the temperate climate of the Vojvodina region”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend irrigation for high quality fiber hemp yields in Vojvodina.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Outcome
- irrigation of fiber hemp is recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation of fiber hemp is recommended in the mentioned region in order to obtain high yields of good quality product”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.