Abstract
Changes in rainfall patterns and increases in ambient air temperature (i.e., warming) are expected with climate change. Yet, little information is available on how plant water status will respond to the combination of water deficit and increased air temperature in fruit tree species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the individual responses of deficit irrigation and warming and their combination on plant water status during the late winter and spring in young olive trees. Two temperature and two irrigation levels were applied in open top chambers during the late winter and spring of 2018 and 2019 to two- or three-year-old, potted trees (cv. Arbequina in 2018; Coratina in 2019). The temperature levels were a near-ambient control and a warming treatment that was 4 °C above the control, while the two irrigation levels were 100% and 50% of irrigation needs. Midday stem water potential (Ψs), stomatal conductance, net leaf photosynthesis, transpiration, and leaf temperature were measured periodically, and the difference between leaf and air temperature (ΔT) was calculated. The Ψs generally decreased due to irrigation deficit and warming when applied individually. When both treatments were combined, an additive response was observed. In contrast, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were consistently decreased by deficit irrigation, but were less affected by warming. Irrigation deficit did not affect leaf temperature under our experimental conditions. As was expected, warming most often increased leaf temperature, but it also significantly decreased ΔT early in the season when leaf transpiration appeared to be greater due to warming. The results indicate that modifications in water management with global warming will likely be required given the mostly negative individual or additive effects of irrigation deficit and air temperature on Ψs and other variables.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation generally reduced midday stem water potential.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The Ψs generally decreased due to irrigation deficit and warming when applied individually.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming generally reduced midday stem water potential.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The Ψs generally decreased due to irrigation deficit and warming when applied individually.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined deficit irrigation and warming produced an additive response in midday stem water potential.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“When both treatments were combined, an additive response was observed.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation consistently decreased stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- young olive treest0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were consistently decreased by deficit irrigation, but were less affected by warming.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming affected stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis less than deficit irrigation.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were consistently decreased by deficit irrigation, but were less affected by warming.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation deficit did not affect leaf temperature in the experimental conditions.
- Taxon
- young olive treest0
- Treatment
- Irrigation deficite0
- Outcome
- leaf temperaturee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation deficit did not affect leaf temperature under our experimental conditions.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming most often increased leaf temperature.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“warming most often increased leaf temperature”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming significantly decreased the difference between leaf and air temperature early in the season.
- Taxon
- young olive treest0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- ΔTe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- early in the seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“warming most often increased leaf temperature, but it also significantly decreased ΔT early in the season when leaf transpiration appeared to be greater due to warming.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf transpiration appeared greater due to warming early in the season.
- Taxon
- young olive treest0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- leaf transpiratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- appearede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“early in the season when leaf transpiration appeared to be greater due to warming.”
t0“young olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded water management will likely need modification with global warming.
Verbatim
e0“modifications in water management with global warming will likely be required given the mostly negative individual or additive effects of irrigation deficit and air temperature on Ψs and other variables.”
t0“young olive trees”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · soil: physics · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
irrigation · physiology: photosynthesis · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.