Abstract
Auxin regulates plant growth and development, as well as helps plants to survive abiotic stresses, but the effects of auxin on the growth of alkaline-stressed rice and the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms remain unknown. Through exogenous application of IAA/TIBA, this study explored the physiological and molecular mechanisms of alkaline stress tolerance enhancement using two rice genotypes. Alkaline stress was observed to damage the plant growth, while exogenous application of IAA mitigates the alkaline-stress-induce inhibition of plant growth. After application of exogenous IAA to alkaline-stressed rice, dry shoot biomass, foliar chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate in the two rice genotypes increased by 12.6–15.6%, 11.7–40.3%, 51.4–106.6%, respectively. The adventitious root number, root surface area, total root length and dry root biomass in the two rice genotypes increased by 29.3–33.3%, 26.4–27.2%, 42.5–35.5% and 12.8–33.1%, respectively. The accumulation of H2O2, MAD were significantly decreased with the application of IAA. The activities of CAT, POD, and SOD in rice plants were significantly increased by exogenous application of IAA. The expression levels of genes controlling IAA biosynthesis and transport were significantly increased, while there were no significant effects on the gene expression that controlled IAA catabolism. These results showed that exogenous application of IAA could mitigate the alkaline-stress-induced inhibition of plant growth by regulating the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, root development and expression of gene involved in IAA biosynthesis, transport and catabolism. These results provide a new direction and empirical basis for improving crop alkaline tolerance with exogenous application of IAA.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress damaged rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress was observed to damage the plant growth”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA mitigated alkaline stress inhibition of rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous application of IAAe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- mitigatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of IAA mitigates the alkaline-stress-induce inhibition of plant growth”
e1“After application of exogenous IAA to alkaline-stressed rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased dry shoot biomass by 12.6–15.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- dry shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.6–15.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry shoot biomass, foliar chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate in the two rice genotypes increased by 12.6–15.6%, 11.7–40.3%, 51.4–106.6%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased foliar chlorophyll content by 11.7–40.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- foliar chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.7–40.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry shoot biomass, foliar chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate in the two rice genotypes increased by 12.6–15.6%, 11.7–40.3%, 51.4–106.6%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased photosynthetic rate by 51.4–106.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51.4–106.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry shoot biomass, foliar chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate in the two rice genotypes increased by 12.6–15.6%, 11.7–40.3%, 51.4–106.6%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased adventitious root number by 29.3–33.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- adventitious root numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.3–33.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adventitious root number, root surface area, total root length and dry root biomass in the two rice genotypes increased by 29.3–33.3%, 26.4–27.2%, 42.5–35.5% and 12.8–33.1%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased root surface area by 26.4–27.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- root surface areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.4–27.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adventitious root number, root surface area, total root length and dry root biomass in the two rice genotypes increased by 29.3–33.3%, 26.4–27.2%, 42.5–35.5% and 12.8–33.1%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased total root length by the reported 42.5–35.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42.5–35.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adventitious root number, root surface area, total root length and dry root biomass in the two rice genotypes increased by 29.3–33.3%, 26.4–27.2%, 42.5–35.5% and 12.8–33.1%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased dry root biomass by 12.8–33.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe1
- Outcome
- dry root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.8–33.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adventitious root number, root surface area, total root length and dry root biomass in the two rice genotypes increased by 29.3–33.3%, 26.4–27.2%, 42.5–35.5% and 12.8–33.1%, respectively”
e1“application of exogenous IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA significantly decreased H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of IAAe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of H2O2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of H2O2, MAD were significantly decreased with the application of IAA”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA significantly decreased MAD accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- application of IAAe0
- Outcome
- MADe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of H2O2, MAD were significantly decreased with the application of IAA”
e1“After application of exogenous IAA to alkaline-stressed rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA significantly increased CAT, POD and SOD activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of IAAe0
- Outcome
- activities of CAT, POD, and SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of CAT, POD, and SOD in rice plants were significantly increased by exogenous application of IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA significantly increased expression of biosynthesis and transport genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- expression levels of genes controlling IAA biosynthesis and transporte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of genes controlling IAA biosynthesis and transport were significantly increased”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA did not significantly affect IAA catabolism gene expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IAAe1
- Outcome
- gene expression that controlled IAA catabolisme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant effects on the gene expression that controlled IAA catabolism”
t0“Rice Plants”
e1“The activities of CAT, POD, and SOD in rice plants were significantly increased by exogenous application of IAA”
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