Abstract
Abstract Cassava cultivation causes serious soil fertility depletion in southern Cameroon due to high mining of soil nutrients by the crop. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB), poultry manure (PM) and inorganic fertilizers (IF) on soil properties, cassava yield, and the economic returns. The treatments consisted of two rates of TB (10 and 20 t ha −1 ), two rates of PM (10 and 20 t ha −1 ), two rates of combined TB and PM (5 and 10 t ha −1 ), a single rate of inorganic fertilizers (100 N:22P:83 K kg ha −1 ) and a control. The results showed that soil properties, soil quality index and cassava yield were significantly improved by the application of the organic manures. Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB) and poultry manure (PM) lowered the soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity, water holding capacity and chemical properties. TB and PM, solely or mixed, improved the aerial dry biomass (ADB) and fresh tuber yield (FTY) of cassava. The organic manures performed better than inorganic fertilizer. The highest yield (51 and 52 t ha −1 of fresh tubers) was obtained with the mixture of TB and PM applied at 10 t ha −1 each for the successive years. Positive and significant correlation was found between SQI and cassava yield. TB and PM combined at 10 t ha −1 each was the most profitable and cost-effective treatment, with a good benefit:cost ratio of 3.2:1 and net return of FCFA 3.736.900 ha −1 . Thus, the use of Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass and poultry manure is a sustainable method for cassava production in the southern Cameroon.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures significantly improved soil properties and soil quality index under cassava.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Treatment
- application of the organic manurese0
- Outcome
- soil properties, soil quality indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil properties, soil quality index and cassava yield were significantly improved by the application of the organic manures”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures significantly improved cassava yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- application of the organic manurese0
- Outcome
- cassava yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil properties, soil quality index and cassava yield were significantly improved by the application of the organic manures”
Claim · model-written summary
Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass lowered soil bulk density under cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB)e0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB) and poultry manure (PM) lowered the soil bulk density”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure lowered soil bulk density under cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- poultry manure (PM)e0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB) and poultry manure (PM) lowered the soil bulk density”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Tithonia biomass increased soil porosity, water holding capacity, and chemical properties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB)e0
- Outcome
- soil total porosity, water holding capacity and chemical propertiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB) and poultry manure (PM) lowered the soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity, water holding capacity and chemical properties”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure increased soil porosity, water holding capacity, and chemical properties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- poultry manure (PM)e0
- Outcome
- soil total porosity, water holding capacity and chemical propertiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass (TB) and poultry manure (PM) lowered the soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity, water holding capacity and chemical properties”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Tithonia biomass improved cassava aerial dry biomass and fresh tuber yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- TBe0
- Outcome
- aerial dry biomass (ADB) and fresh tuber yield (FTY)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TB and PM, solely or mixed, improved the aerial dry biomass (ADB) and fresh tuber yield (FTY) of cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure improved cassava aerial dry biomass and fresh tuber yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- PMe0
- Outcome
- aerial dry biomass (ADB) and fresh tuber yield (FTY)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TB and PM, solely or mixed, improved the aerial dry biomass (ADB) and fresh tuber yield (FTY) of cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures performed better than inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- organic manurese0
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic manures performed better than inorganic fertilizer”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 t ha −1 each Tithonia and poultry manure mixture produced 51 and 52 t ha −1 fresh tubers in successive years.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- mixture of TB and PM applied at 10 t ha −1 eache0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 51 and 52 t ha −1 of fresh tuberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield (51 and 52 t ha −1 of fresh tubers) was obtained with the mixture of TB and PM applied at 10 t ha −1 each for the successive years”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil quality index and cassava yield were positively and significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- cassava yielde0
- Direction
- Positivee0
- Comparator
- SQIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive and significant correlation was found between SQI and cassava yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 t ha −1 each mixture had a benefit:cost ratio of 3.2:1.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- TB and PM combined at 10 t ha −1 eache0
- Outcome
- benefit:cost ratioe0
- Value
- 3.2:1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TB and PM combined at 10 t ha −1 each was the most profitable and cost-effective treatment, with a good benefit:cost ratio of 3.2:1”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 t ha −1 each mixture gave net return of FCFA 3.736.900 ha −1.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- TB and PM combined at 10 t ha −1 eache0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- FCFA 3.736.900 ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TB and PM combined at 10 t ha −1 each was the most profitable and cost-effective treatment, with a good benefit:cost ratio of 3.2:1 and net return of FCFA 3.736.900 ha −1”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Tithonia biomass and poultry manure offer a sustainable cassava production method in southern Cameroon.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- use of Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass and poultry manuree0
- Setting
- southern Cameroone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of Tithonia diversifolia fresh biomass and poultry manure is a sustainable method for cassava production in the southern Cameroon”
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