Abstract
In response to environmental stress, plants activate complex signalling, including being dependent on reactive oxygen–nitrogen–sulphur species. One of the key abiotic stresses is drought. As a result of drought, changes in the level of hydration of the plant occur, which obviously entails various metabolic alternations. The primary aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the response of barley to drought and the intensity of stress, therefore investigations were performed under various levels of water saturation deficit (WSD) in leaves at 15%, 30%, and 50%. In barley subjected to drought, most significant changes occurred under a slight dehydration level at 15%. It was observed that the gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases, enzymes involved in ABA biosynthesis, increased significantly, and led to a higher concentration of ABA. This was most likely the result of an increase in the gene expression and enzyme activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase, which is responsible for H2S synthesis. Our results suggest that the differential water deficit in leaves underlies the activation of an appropriate defence, with ABA metabolism at the centre of these processes. Furthermore, at 15% WSD, a dominant contribution of H2O2-dependent signalling was noted, but at 30% and 50% WSD, significant NO-dependent signalling occurred.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The largest barley responses occurred at 15% leaf water saturation deficit.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- most significant changese0
- Value
- 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In barley subjected to drought, most significant changes occurred under a slight dehydration level at 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene expression in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Gene
- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenasese0
- Outcome
- gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenasese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases, enzymes involved in ABA biosynthesis, increased significantly”
e1“barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA concentration increased in drought-stressed barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Outcome
- concentration of ABAe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher concentration of ABA”
e1“barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
L-cysteine desulfhydrase gene expression increased in barley under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Gene
- L-cysteine desulfhydrasee0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the gene expression and enzyme activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase”
e1“barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
L-cysteine desulfhydrase enzyme activity increased in barley under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Gene
- L-cysteine desulfhydrasee0
- Outcome
- enzyme activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the gene expression and enzyme activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase”
e1“barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2-dependent signaling predominated at 15% WSD in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- H2O2-dependent signallinge0
- Value
- 15% WSDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 15% WSD, a dominant contribution of H2O2-dependent signalling was noted”
e1“In barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant NO-dependent signaling occurred at 30% WSD in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- NO-dependent signallinge0
- Value
- 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 30% and 50% WSD, significant NO-dependent signalling occurred”
e1“In barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant NO-dependent signaling occurred at 50% WSD in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- NO-dependent signallinge0
- Value
- 50% WSDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 30% and 50% WSD, significant NO-dependent signalling occurred”
e1“In barley subjected to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest leaf water deficit determines activation of barley defenses centered on ABA metabolism.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- activation of an appropriate defencee0
- Qualifier
- ABA metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differential water deficit in leaves underlies the activation of an appropriate defence, with ABA metabolism at the centre of these processes”
e1“In barley subjected to drought”
The same questions in other papers
drought · molecular: expression · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
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See all 17 papers →drought · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.