Abstract
Production of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant onion genotypes based on physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Thirty-six accessions were evaluated under control and salt stress conditions, and based on growth and bulb yield. Results revealed that plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control. Based on percent bulb yield reduction, seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction). Finally, seven salt-tolerant and seven salt-sensitive accessions were selected for detailed study of their physiological and biochemical traits and their differential responses under salinity. High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. POS35, NHRDF Red (L-28), GWO 1, POS36, NHRDF Red-4 (L-744), POS37, and POS38. Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. ALR, GJWO 3, Kalyanpur Red Round, NHRDF Red-3 (L-652), Agrifound White, and NHRDF (L-920). Stepwise regression analysis identified bulb diameter), plant height, APX, stomatal conductance (gS), POX, CAT, MDA, MSI, and bulb Na+/K+ ratio as predictor traits accounting for maximum variation in bulb yield under salinity. The identified seven salt-tolerant varieties can be used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone areas.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced plant height by 6.07%.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.07%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control”
e1“salt stress conditions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced number of leaves per plant by 3.07%.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3.07%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control”
e1“salt stress conditions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced bulb diameter by 11.38%.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- bulb diametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.38%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control”
e1“salt stress conditions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced bulb yield per plant by 31.24%.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- bulb yield per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.24%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control”
e1“salt stress conditions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced total soluble solids by 8.34%.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.34%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control”
e1“salt stress conditions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion varieties classified as salt tolerant had <20% yield reduction.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- salt tolerante0
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Value
- <20%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction)”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion varieties classified as salt-sensitive had >40% yield reduction.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- salt-sensitivee0
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Value
- >40%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction)”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion varieties classified as moderately tolerant had 20 to 40% yield reduction.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- moderately tolerante0
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Value
- 20 to 40%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction)”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant onion accessions showed high relative water content (RWC).
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- tolerant accessionse0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant onion accessions showed high membrane stability index (MSI).
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- tolerant accessionse0
- Outcome
- membrane stability index (MSI)e0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant onion accessions showed high proline content (PRO).
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- tolerant accessionse0
- Outcome
- proline content (PRO)e0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant onion accessions showed high super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX).
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- tolerant accessionse0
- Outcome
- super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive onion accessions showed increased malondialdehyde (MDA).
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- sensitive accessionse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive onion accessions showed increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- sensitive accessionse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive onion accessions showed reduced activity of antioxidants.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- sensitive accessionse0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive onion accessions showed more membrane injury.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- sensitive accessionse0
- Outcome
- membrane injurye0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive onion accessions showed high Na+/K+ ratio.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Material
- sensitive accessionse0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression identified bulb traits and physiological indicators as predictors of bulb yield variation under salinity.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- bulbe0
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Qualifier
- predictor traits accounting for maximum variatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stepwise regression analysis identified bulb diameter), plant height, APX, stomatal conductance (gS), POX, CAT, MDA, MSI, and bulb Na+/K+ ratio as predictor traits accounting for maximum variation in bulb yield under salinity”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the seven salt-tolerant varieties for onion breeding in salt-prone areas.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Material
- seven salt-tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The identified seven salt-tolerant varieties can be used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone areas”
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