Abstract
In recent decades, organic kiwifruit farming has come up as a feasible method for high-quality kiwi production without using chemical fertilizers. The primary objective of this research was to investigate how the sole application of organic and the combined application of organic manures affected the growth, yields, and quality of Allison kiwifruit, as well as the soil’s physicochemical characteristics. The field trial was conducted on cv. Allison to determine the efficacy of organic manures (OM) on growth, nutrient absorption, production and soil health. The experiment involved eight treatments, viz.: T1: 100% Dairy manure (DM); T2: 100% Vermicompost (VC); T3: 100% chicken manure (CM); T4: 50% DM + 50% CM; T5: 50% DM + 50% VC; T6: 50% CM + 50% VC; T7: DM + CM + VC in equal proportions; and T8: Recommended nutrients inorganic NPK + 40 kg DM. A randomized complete block design comprising three replicas was used in this investigation. The use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DM enhanced Spad Values Chlorophyll, fruit production, leaf number, leaf area, and stem diameter while also improving the soil’s chemical characteristics. The flower initiation was recorded with DM and Vermicompost (50:50). Furthermore, when compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, OM treatment significantly improved fruit quality by improving fruit chemical composition in terms of soluble solids contents and leaf nutrient status, as well as improving soil’s physical properties with DM and Vermicompost (50:50). The study’s outcome revealed that OM had a significant impact on flowering time, fruit SSC, leaf nutritional status, and soil physical characteristics. In comparison to organic treatments, recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM) improved plant growth, fruit yield, and soil chemical characteristics.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic NPK combined with dairy manure enhanced leaf number, leaf area and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Material
- cv. Allisone0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DMe1
- Outcome
- leaf number, leaf area, and stem diametere1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Setting
- field triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e0“The field trial was conducted on cv. Allison”
e1“The use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DM enhanced Spad Values Chlorophyll, fruit production, leaf number, leaf area, and stem diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic NPK combined with dairy manure enhanced SPAD chlorophyll values and fruit production.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Material
- cv. Allisone0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DMe1
- Outcome
- Spad Values Chlorophyll, fruit productione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Setting
- field triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e0“The field trial was conducted on cv. Allison”
e1“The use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DM enhanced Spad Values Chlorophyll, fruit production, leaf number, leaf area, and stem diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic NPK combined with dairy manure improved soil chemical characteristics.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DMe1
- Outcome
- chemical characteristicse2
- Direction
- improvinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e1“The use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) in combination with DM enhanced Spad Values Chlorophyll, fruit production, leaf number, leaf area, and stem diameter”
e2“while also improving the soil’s chemical characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
OM treatment significantly improved fruit quality compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- OM treatmente4
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e4“when compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, OM treatment significantly improved fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
OM treatment significantly improved soluble solids contents compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- OM treatmente4
- Outcome
- soluble solids contentse5
- Direction
- improvinge5
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e4“when compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, OM treatment significantly improved fruit quality”
e5“improving fruit chemical composition in terms of soluble solids contents”
Claim · model-written summary
OM treatment significantly improved leaf nutrient status compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- OM treatmente4
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient statuse6
- Direction
- improvinge5
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e4“when compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, OM treatment significantly improved fruit quality”
e5“improving fruit chemical composition in terms of soluble solids contents”
e6“in terms of soluble solids contents and leaf nutrient status”
Claim · model-written summary
Dairy manure and vermicompost (50:50) improved soil physical properties.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- DM and Vermicompost (50:50)e7
- Outcome
- physical propertiese7
- Direction
- improvinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e7“as well as improving soil’s physical properties with DM and Vermicompost (50:50)”
Claim · model-written summary
OM had a significant impact on flowering time.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- OMe1
- Outcome
- flowering timee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e1“OM had a significant impact on flowering time”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower initiation was recorded with dairy manure and vermicompost (50:50).
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- DM and Vermicompost (50:50)e3
- Outcome
- flower initiatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e3“The flower initiation was recorded with DM and Vermicompost (50:50)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM) improved plant growth and fruit yield compared with organic treatments.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM)e1
- Outcome
- plant growth, fruit yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e1“recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM) improved plant growth, fruit yield, and soil chemical characteristics”
e2“In comparison to organic treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM) improved soil chemical characteristics compared with organic treatments.
- Taxon
- Actinidia deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM)e1
- Outcome
- soil chemical characteristicse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) cv. Allison”
e1“recommended fertilizer dosages (NPK + DM) improved plant growth, fruit yield, and soil chemical characteristics”
e2“In comparison to organic treatments”
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