Abstract
Context In the malting industry, the low protein content of barley grains is a major issue. A useful strategy to overcome this problem is to complement the initial fertilisation with a foliar application of nitrogen (N) near anthesis. Aims This study aimed to advance knowledge of the metabolic adjustments displayed by plants grown under common management practices in response to foliar N fertilisation at anthesis. Methods Field experiments with two different rates of foliar N application near anthesis were performed at three commercial sites under the common practice of each farmer. Key results Grain protein content increased upon foliar fertilisation in all sites without affecting leaf senescence or N remobilisation efficiency. Barley plants also showed a rapid assimilation of the N applied at anthesis, increasing the leaf N organic pools and the global phloem amino acid mobilisation during grain filling. These results could be attributed to the increase in the gene expression of glutamine synthetase 1 and two amino acid transporters (HvAAP6 and HvAAP7). Conclusions Foliar N applied was rapidly assimilated and exported with high efficiency to the grain with no negative impact over the contribution of N from vegetative organs. Furthermore, phloem N contribution was shown to be of major importance for grain protein content. Implications Foliar fertilisation near anthesis is an efficient strategy to correct grain protein content to meet maltsters’ requirements because it did not affect pre-assimilated N remobilisation, and was useful under the different nutrient availabilities explored here (N sufficiency, N deficiency and sulfur deficiency).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein content of barley increased upon foliar N fertilisation at anthesis in all three sites.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- foliar fertilisatione1
- Outcome
- Grain protein contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Grain protein content increased upon foliar fertilisation in all sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N fertilisation did not affect leaf senescence or N remobilisation efficiency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilisatione2
- Outcome
- leaf senescence or N remobilisation efficiencye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“without affecting leaf senescence or N remobilisation efficiency”
e2“foliar fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley plants rapidly assimilated the N applied at anthesis, increasing leaf N organic pools and global phloem amino acid mobilisation during grain filling.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- grain fillinge1
- Treatment
- N applied at anthesise1
- Outcome
- leaf N organic pools and the global phloem amino acid mobilisatione1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Barley plants also showed a rapid assimilation of the N applied at anthesis, increasing the leaf N organic pools and the global phloem amino acid mobilisation during grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the increased phloem amino acid mobilisation to increased expression of glutamine synthetase 1 and two amino acid transporters (HvAAP6 and HvAAP7).
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase 1e1
- Outcome
- gene expressione1
- Qualifier
- two amino acid transporters (HvAAP6 and HvAAP7)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“the increase in the gene expression of glutamine synthetase 1 and two amino acid transporters (HvAAP6 and HvAAP7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem N contribution was shown to be of major importance for barley grain protein content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- phloeme1
- Outcome
- grain protein contente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“phloem N contribution was shown to be of major importance for grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar fertilisation near anthesis as an efficient strategy to correct grain protein content to meet maltsters requirements.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilisation near anthesise1
- Outcome
- correct grain protein contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Foliar fertilisation near anthesis is an efficient strategy to correct grain protein content to meet maltsters’ requirements”
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