Abstract
The effects on budbreak of garlic paste, garlic oil, diallyl disulfide, and calcium and hydrogen cyanamides were examined in greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines not exposed to chilling. After the first crop from plants grown in greenhouses was harvested, all canes were pruned to five or seven buds so that the second crop was produced within one year. The upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2. All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water. The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste, in order of decreasing effectiveness. CaCN2 and H2CN2 gave a more uniform timing of budbreak when painted on the upper half of the cutting (the cut surfaces were not treated) than when the upper cut surface only was treated. With Thompson Seedless cuttings, 20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak; garlic paste had similar but weaker effects. The painting of 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface of cuttings strongly inhibited budbreak, although the first date of budbreak was slightly earlier than in the control. When cut surfaces of Pione canes were treated, budbreak was earliest with 70% diallyl disulfide, followed by garlic paste; 100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak. Painting of the entire cane except for the cut surface of Thompson Seedless vines with 2.5% H2CN2 was the most effective for improving budbreak. Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated. In Pione vines, the mean number of flower clusters that developed on the shoots was unaffected by treatment, but in Thompson Seedless vines, there were fewer clusters after treatment with H2CN2 than after treatments with garlic paste or diallyl disulfide.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic paste applied to the upper cut surface gave earlier budbreak in grapevine cuttings than distilled water.
- Material
- Pionee2
- Treatment
- a paste of fresh garlice2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
- Setting
- greenhouse-growne0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
e2“upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil at 20% applied to the upper cut surface gave earlier budbreak in grapevine cuttings than distilled water.
- Material
- Pionee2
- Treatment
- 20% garlic oile2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
- Setting
- greenhouse-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
e2“upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2”
Claim · model-written summary
20% diallyl disulfide applied to the upper cut surface gave earlier budbreak in grapevine cuttings than distilled water.
- Material
- Pionee2
- Treatment
- 20% diallyl disulfidee2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
- Setting
- greenhouse-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
e2“upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCN2 applied to the upper cut surface gave earlier budbreak in grapevine cuttings than distilled water.
- Material
- Pionee2
- Treatment
- the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2e2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
- Setting
- greenhouse-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
e2“upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2”
Claim · model-written summary
H2CN2 at 1.4% or 2.8% applied to the upper cut surface gave earlier budbreak in grapevine cuttings than distilled water.
- Material
- Pionee2
- Treatment
- 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2e2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
- Setting
- greenhouse-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
e2“upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCN2 and H2CN2 had the greatest effects on budbreak, more than diallyl disulfide, garlic oil and garlic paste.
- Treatment
- CaCN2 and H2CN2e3
- Outcome
- effectse3
- Direction
- greateste3
- Comparator
- diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic pastee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e3“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste, in order of decreasing effectiveness”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCN2 and H2CN2 painted on the upper half of the cutting gave a more uniform timing of budbreak than painting the upper cut surface only.
- Treatment
- painted on the upper half of the cuttinge4
- Outcome
- timing of budbreake4
- Direction
- more uniforme4
- Comparator
- upper cut surface onlye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e4“CaCN2 and H2CN2 gave a more uniform timing of budbreak when painted on the upper half of the cutting (the cut surfaces were not treated) than when the upper cut surface only was treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting 2.5% H2CN2 on the entire cane, except the cut surface, was the most effective treatment for improving budbreak in Thompson Seedless.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e5“Painting of the entire cane except for the cut surface of Thompson Seedless vines with 2.5% H2CN2 was the most effective for improving budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface strongly inhibited budbreak in grapevine cuttings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e6“The painting of 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface of cuttings strongly inhibited budbreak, although the first date of budbreak was slightly earlier than in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface gave a slightly earlier first budbreak than the control.
- Treatment
- 2.5% H2CN2e6
- Outcome
- first date of budbreake6
- Direction
- slightly earliere6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e6“The painting of 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface of cuttings strongly inhibited budbreak, although the first date of budbreak was slightly earlier than in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
When cut surfaces of Pione canes were treated, 70% diallyl disulfide gave the earliest budbreak, followed by garlic paste.
- Material
- Pionee7
- Treatment
- 70% diallyl disulfidee7
- Outcome
- budbreake7
- Direction
- earlieste7
- Comparator
- garlic pastee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e7“When cut surfaces of Pione canes were treated, budbreak was earliest with 70% diallyl disulfide, followed by garlic paste; 100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
When cut surfaces of Pione canes were treated, 100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e7“When cut surfaces of Pione canes were treated, budbreak was earliest with 70% diallyl disulfide, followed by garlic paste; 100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
20% diallyl disulfide on the upper cut surface of Thompson Seedless cuttings accelerated budbreak.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“With Thompson Seedless cuttings, 20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak; garlic paste had similar but weaker effects”
Claim · model-written summary
20% diallyl disulfide on the upper cut surface of Thompson Seedless cuttings increased the rate of budbreak.
- Material
- Thompson Seedlesse1
- Treatment
- 20% diallyl disulfidee1
- Outcome
- rate of budbreake1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“With Thompson Seedless cuttings, 20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak; garlic paste had similar but weaker effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic paste had similar but weaker effects on budbreak than 20% diallyl disulfide in Thompson Seedless cuttings.
- Material
- Thompson Seedlesse1
- Treatment
- garlic pastee1
- Outcome
- effectse1
- Direction
- weakere1
- Comparator
- 20% diallyl disulfidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“With Thompson Seedless cuttings, 20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak; garlic paste had similar but weaker effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide gave a rate of budbreak that was not uniform.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide accelerated the first budbreak in grapevine.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
In Pione vines, the mean number of flower clusters was unaffected by treatment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“In Pione vines, the mean number of flower clusters that developed on the shoots was unaffected by treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In Thompson Seedless vines, H2CN2 treatment gave fewer flower clusters than garlic paste or diallyl disulfide treatments.
- Material
- Thompson Seedlesse1
- Treatment
- treatment with H2CN2e1
- Outcome
- clusterse1
- Direction
- fewere1
- Comparator
- garlic paste or diallyl disulfidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse-grown mature Pione (Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana) and potted Thompson Seedless (V. vinifera) grapevines”
e1“in Thompson Seedless vines, there were fewer clusters after treatment with H2CN2 than after treatments with garlic paste or diallyl disulfide”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.