Abstract
The effects on budbreak of garlic paste, garlic oil, diallyl disulfide, and calcium and hydrogen cyanamides were examined in greenhouse-grown mature Pione ( Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana ) and potted Thompson Seedless ( V. vinifera ) grapevines not exposed to chilling. After the first crop from plants grown in greenhouses was harvested, all canes were pruned to five or seven buds so that the second crop was produced within one year. The upper cut surfaces of single-bud cuttings from the pruned Pione canes was promptly painted with a paste of fresh garlic, 20% garlic oil, 20% diallyl disulfide, the supernatant of a 20% suspension of CaCN2, or 1.4% or 2.8% H2CN2. All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water. The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste, in order of decreasing effectiveness. CaCN2 and H2CN2 gave a more uniform timing of budbreak when painted on the upper half of the cutting (the cut surfaces were not treated) than when the upper cut surface only was treated. With Thompson Seedless cuttings, 20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak; garlic paste had similar but weaker effects. The painting of 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface of cuttings strongly inhibited budbreak, although the first date of budbreak was slightly earlier than in the control. When cut surfaces of Pione canes were treated, budbreak was earliest with 70% diallyl disulfide, followed by garlic paste; 100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak. Painting of the entire cane except for the cut surface of Thompson Seedless vines with 2.5% H2CN2 was the most effective for improving budbreak. Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated. In Pione vines, the mean number of flower clusters that developed on the shoots was unaffected by treatment, but in Thompson Seedless vines, there were fewer clusters after treatment with H2CN2 than after treatments with garlic paste or diallyl disulfide.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic paste advanced budbreak of Pione cuttings over water.
- Treatment
- garlic pastee1
- Outcome
- budbreake0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- control treated with distilled watere0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
t1“Budbreak With Garlic Preparations: Effects of Garlic Preparations and of Calcium and Hydrogen Cyanamides on Budbreak of Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
e1“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil advanced budbreak of Pione cuttings over water.
- Treatment
- garlic oile1
- Outcome
- budbreake0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- control treated with distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
t1“Budbreak With Garlic Preparations: Effects of Garlic Preparations and of Calcium and Hydrogen Cyanamides on Budbreak of Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
e1“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl disulfide advanced budbreak of Pione cuttings over water.
- Treatment
- diallyl disulfidee1
- Outcome
- budbreake0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- control treated with distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
t1“Budbreak With Garlic Preparations: Effects of Garlic Preparations and of Calcium and Hydrogen Cyanamides on Budbreak of Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
e1“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCN2 advanced budbreak of Pione cuttings over water.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
t1“Budbreak With Garlic Preparations: Effects of Garlic Preparations and of Calcium and Hydrogen Cyanamides on Budbreak of Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
e1“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste”
Claim · model-written summary
H2CN2 advanced budbreak of Pione cuttings over water.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the substances gave earlier budbreak than in the control treated with distilled water”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
t1“Budbreak With Garlic Preparations: Effects of Garlic Preparations and of Calcium and Hydrogen Cyanamides on Budbreak of Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
e1“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCN2 and H2CN2 had the greatest effect on Pione budbreak.
PioneOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of CaCN2 and H2CN2 were greatest, followed by diallyl disulfide, garlic oil, and garlic paste”
t0“mature Pione ( Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana )”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting CaCN2 on the upper half gave more uniform budbreak.
- Treatment
- CaCN2e0
- Outcome
- timing of budbreake0
- Direction
- more uniforme0
- Comparator
- upper cut surface onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCN2 and H2CN2 gave a more uniform timing of budbreak when painted on the upper half of the cutting (the cut surfaces were not treated) than when the upper cut surface only was treated”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting H2CN2 on the upper half gave more uniform budbreak.
- Treatment
- H2CN2e0
- Outcome
- timing of budbreake0
- Direction
- more uniforme0
- Comparator
- upper cut surface onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCN2 and H2CN2 gave a more uniform timing of budbreak when painted on the upper half of the cutting (the cut surfaces were not treated) than when the upper cut surface only was treated”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl disulfide accelerated Thompson Seedless budbreak.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak”
t0“potted Thompson Seedless ( V. vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl disulfide increased Thompson Seedless budbreak rate.
- Taxon
- Thompson Seedlesst0
- Treatment
- 20% diallyl disulfidee0
- Outcome
- rate of budbreake0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“20% diallyl disulfide painted on the upper cut surface accelerated budbreak and increased the rate of budbreak”
t0“potted Thompson Seedless ( V. vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic paste had similar but weaker effects in Thompson Seedless.
Verbatim
e0“garlic paste had similar but weaker effects”
t0“potted Thompson Seedless ( V. vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting 2.5% H2CN2 on cut surfaces strongly inhibited budbreak.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The painting of 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface of cuttings strongly inhibited budbreak”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave slightly earlier first budbreak than control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although the first date of budbreak was slightly earlier than in the control”
t0“Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
t1“Budbreak With Garlic Preparations: Effects of Garlic Preparations and of Calcium and Hydrogen Cyanamides on Budbreak of Grapevines Grown in Greenhouses”
e1“The painting of 2.5% H2CN2 on the upper cut surface of cuttings strongly inhibited budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
On Pione canes, 70% diallyl disulfide gave earliest budbreak.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“budbreak was earliest with 70% diallyl disulfide, followed by garlic paste”
t0“mature Pione ( Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana )”
Claim · model-written summary
On Pione canes, 100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% garlic oil inhibited budbreak”
t0“mature Pione ( Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana )”
Claim · model-written summary
Painting Thompson Seedless canes with 2.5% H2CN2 was most effective for budbreak.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Painting of the entire cane except for the cut surface of Thompson Seedless vines with 2.5% H2CN2 was the most effective for improving budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl disulfide produced nonuniform budbreak rate.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 20% diallyl disulfide resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform”
t0“potted Thompson Seedless ( V. vinifera )”
Claim · model-written summary
In Pione, flower cluster number was unaffected by treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Pione vines, the mean number of flower clusters that developed on the shoots was unaffected by treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In Thompson Seedless, H2CN2 yielded fewer clusters than garlic paste or diallyl disulfide.
Verbatim
e0“in Thompson Seedless vines, there were fewer clusters after treatment with H2CN2 than after treatments with garlic paste or diallyl disulfide”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.