Abstract
The active substances in garlic responsible for breaking bud dormancy in grapevines were investigated by employing single bud cuttings of 'Kyoho'(Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana Bailey). Four major gas-chromatographic peaks were detected in the essential oil extracted from freshly grated garlic cloves and commercial garlic oil, but only the first two peaks were found in volatiles from freshly grated garlic and commercial garlic oil. Based on a comparison of the retention time with authentic chemicals and GC-MS analysis, the compounds were identified as diallyl mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-sulfides. The highest peak was diallyl disulfide, followed by diallyl tri-, mono-, and tetra-sulfides, but only trace amounts of dimethyl mono-and di-sulfides were present. When painted to the upper cross-sectional cut surface of cuttings, dimethyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide greatly promoted budbreak. Diallyl trisulfide treatment resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated. Exposure to volatiles of diallyl di-and tri-sulfides was the most effective treatment in promoting budbreak, irrespective of the concentration and the duration of exposure. However, exposure of cuttings to volatiles of 30% dimethyl disulfide suspension markedly inhibited budbreak, although both authentic dimethyl disulfide (a.i. 99%) and its 10% suspension promoted budbreak. The effects of dimethyl sulfide and diallyl sulfide on budbreak varied among the concentrations and the duration of exposure. These results indicate that the active substances in garlic, responsible for breaking bud dormancy in grapevines, are sulfur-containing compounds with an allyl group (CH2CHCH2), particularly diallyl disulfide.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic essential oil showed four major gas-chromatographic peaks.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Organ / stage
- garlic clovese0
- Outcome
- gas-chromatographic peakse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four major gas-chromatographic peaks were detected in the essential oil extracted from freshly grated garlic cloves and commercial garlic oil”
Claim · model-written summary
The garlic peaks were identified as diallyl mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-sulfides.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- diallyl mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-sulfidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four major gas-chromatographic peaks were detected in the essential oil extracted from freshly grated garlic cloves and commercial garlic oil”
e1“the compounds were identified as diallyl mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-sulfides”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest garlic essential oil peak was diallyl disulfide.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- The highest peak was diallyl disulfidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four major gas-chromatographic peaks were detected in the essential oil extracted from freshly grated garlic cloves and commercial garlic oil”
e1“The highest peak was diallyl disulfide”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil contained only trace amounts of dimethyl mono- and di-sulfides.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- trace amounts of dimethyl mono-and di-sulfidese1
- Qualifier
- only trace amountse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four major gas-chromatographic peaks were detected in the essential oil extracted from freshly grated garlic cloves and commercial garlic oil”
e1“only trace amounts of dimethyl mono-and di-sulfides were present”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide painted on grapevine cuttings greatly promoted budbreak.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“When painted to the upper cross-sectional cut surface of cuttings, dimethyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide greatly promoted budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl trisulfide treatment gave a budbreak rate that was not uniform.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“Diallyl trisulfide treatment resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl trisulfide treatment accelerated the first budbreak of grapevine cuttings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“Diallyl trisulfide treatment resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to volatiles of diallyl di- and tri-sulfides was the most effective treatment for promoting budbreak, irrespective of concentration and duration.
- Treatment
- Exposure to volatiles of diallyl di-and tri-sulfidese1
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Qualifier
- irrespective of the concentration and the duration of exposuree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“Exposure to volatiles of diallyl di-and tri-sulfides was the most effective treatment in promoting budbreak, irrespective of the concentration and the duration of exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles of 30% dimethyl disulfide suspension markedly inhibited budbreak.
- Treatment
- exposure of cuttings to volatiles of 30% dimethyl disulfide suspensione1
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- markedly inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“exposure of cuttings to volatiles of 30% dimethyl disulfide suspension markedly inhibited budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
Authentic dimethyl disulfide and its 10% suspension promoted budbreak.
- Treatment
- authentic dimethyl disulfide (a.i. 99%) and its 10% suspensione1
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“although both authentic dimethyl disulfide (a.i. 99%) and its 10% suspension promoted budbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl sulfide and diallyl sulfide effects on budbreak varied with concentration and duration of exposure.
- Treatment
- dimethyl sulfide and diallyl sulfidee1
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Qualifier
- varied among the concentrations and the duration of exposuree1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“The effects of dimethyl sulfide and diallyl sulfide on budbreak varied among the concentrations and the duration of exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur-containing compounds with an allyl group, particularly diallyl disulfide, are the active substances that break bud dormancy in grapevines.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Breaking Bud Dormancy in Grapevines”
e1“These results indicate that the active substances in garlic, responsible for breaking bud dormancy in grapevines, are sulfur-containing compounds with an allyl group”
The same questions in other papers
dimethyl disulfide · phenology · VitisResults differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
diallyl disulfide · phenology · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.