Abstract
The main prerequisite for this study is the use of forest resources corresponding to the principles of sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study is to figure out the growth characteristics of pine stands and their physiological response to adverse factors. The experimental material (cores) was selected from pine forests of Ukrainian Polissia using Haglöf increment borer at breast height of 1.3 m. The number of annual rings and the parameters of radial increment were found using the ImageJ software. The result was a tree-ring chronology of sample trees. Statistical analysis of the experimental data proved that the radial increment variability decreases with age, and it ranges within 0.99-2.78 mm. The average radial increment value in the data set under study is 1.79 mm. The average number of annual rings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees is 80: the minimum is 61, the maximum is 92. The correlation analysis of experimental data proved that the pairwise correlation coefficients of radial increment (-0.54) and current increment by diameter (-0.53) have an inverse relationship with the age of trees, and diameter at breast height with age – a direct relationship (0.87). The developed mathematical models of the dynamics of the width of the annual ring, the diameter at breast height and the current increment by diameter allow estimating the growth characteristics of Scots pine trees throughout their life. The obtained results were compared with the growth tables of fully stocked (at a relative stocking of 1.0) stands. The adequacy test of the developed mathematical models proved the accuracy of the given patterns and is as follows: for the width dynamics of the annual ring – 0.46; the diameter at breast height – 0.78, and the percentage of current increment by diameter – 0.51. Based on standardisation of individual chronologies by calculating sensitivity coefficients, no significant physiological response was established. Accordingly, the impact of short-term stress reactions is insignificant. The maximum resistance of pine stands to adverse environmental factors is achieved at the age of 50-60 years. This study is important to evaluate the impact of climate change and other adverse factors on the growth of pine stands and forecasting the dynamics of biometric indices. The obtained results can be used by the specialists at IA “Ukrderzhlisproekt” to update biometric indices and substantiate the use of forest resources
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Radial increment variability decreases with tree age, ranging from 0.99 to 2.78 mm.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Pinus sylvestrise2 - Outcome
- radial increment variabilitye1
- Direction
- decreasese1
- Value
- 0.99-2.78 mme1
- Qualifier
- with agee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e1“radial increment variability decreases with age, and it ranges within 0.99-2.78 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
The average radial increment was 1.79 mm.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- average radial increment valuee3
- Value
- 1.79 mme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e3“The average radial increment value in the data set under study is 1.79 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
The average number of annual rings was 80, with a minimum of 61 and a maximum of 92.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise4
- Outcome
- number of annual ringse4
- Value
- 80e4
- Qualifier
- the minimum is 61, the maximum is 92e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The average number of annual rings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees is 80: the minimum is 61, the maximum is 92”
Claim · model-written summary
The pairwise correlation of radial increment with tree age is inverse, at -0.54.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- pairwise correlation coefficients of radial incremente5
- Direction
- inverse relationshipe5
- Value
- -0.54e5
- Qualifier
- with the age of treese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e5“the pairwise correlation coefficients of radial increment (-0.54) and current increment by diameter (-0.53) have an inverse relationship with the age of trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The pairwise correlation of current increment by diameter with tree age is inverse, at -0.53.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- current increment by diametere5
- Direction
- inverse relationshipe5
- Value
- -0.53e5
- Qualifier
- with the age of treese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e5“the pairwise correlation coefficients of radial increment (-0.54) and current increment by diameter (-0.53) have an inverse relationship with the age of trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Diameter at breast height has a direct relationship with age, at 0.87.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- diameter at breast heighte6
- Direction
- direct relationshipe6
- Value
- 0.87e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e6“diameter at breast height with age – a direct relationship (0.87)”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant physiological response to adverse factors was established.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- physiological responsee7
- Qualifier
- by calculating sensitivity coefficientse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e7“Based on standardisation of individual chronologies by calculating sensitivity coefficients, no significant physiological response was established”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum resistance of pine stands to adverse environmental factors is reached at 50-60 years of age.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- resistance of pine stands to adverse environmental factorse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 50-60 yearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e1“The maximum resistance of pine stands to adverse environmental factors is achieved at the age of 50-60 years”
Claim · model-written summary
The width-dynamics growth model had an adequacy value of 0.46.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- width dynamics of the annual ringe1
- Value
- 0.46e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e1“for the width dynamics of the annual ring – 0.46”
Claim · model-written summary
The diameter at breast height model had an adequacy value of 0.78.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- diameter at breast heighte1
- Value
- 0.78e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e1“the diameter at breast height – 0.78”
Claim · model-written summary
The current increment by diameter model had an adequacy value of 0.51.
- Taxon
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)Pinus sylvestrise2
- Outcome
- the percentage of current increment by diametere1
- Value
- 0.51e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
e1“the percentage of current increment by diameter – 0.51”