Abstract
Weed management is the most challenging component of summer maize cultivation. Weeds that are not controlled compete for light and the crop’s nutrient and water resources, and yield losses may be up to 70% of the potential yield. The critical time for weed control in maize is between crop emergence and canopy closure. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during summer, 2019 at the N. M. College of Agriculture Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India to find effective weed management practice in summer maize cultivation. The treatments included various weed management strategies where pre and post emergence herbicides were either sprayed or integrated with hand weeding. The results revealed significantly higher grain and straw yield (6473 and 8041 kg/ha, respectively) with weed free, which was statistically at par with pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as pre-emergence (PE) + 1 hand weeding (HW) at 30 days after sowing (DAS). Among the weedicide treatments, minimum weed population at harvest, least dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index, highest weed control efficiency and maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DAS) which was followed by treatment T5 (Pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ ha as PE +1 HW at 30 DAS). Maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and straw was recorded in weed free plots which was statistically at par with treatment T6 where Pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha was applied as pre-emergence and integrated with one hand weeding thirty days after sowing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free plots gave significantly higher grain and straw yield (6473 and 8041 kg/ha).
- Treatment
- weed freee1
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 6473 and 8041 kg/hae1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
- Setting
- N. M. College of Agriculture Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, Indiae0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e0“a field experiment was conducted during summer, 2019 at the N. M. College of Agriculture Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India”
e1“The results revealed significantly higher grain and straw yield (6473 and 8041 kg/ha, respectively) with weed free, which was statistically at par with pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as pre-emergence (PE) + 1 hand weeding (HW) at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and straw yield under pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha plus one hand weeding were statistically at par with weed-free plots.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as pre-emergence (PE) + 1 hand weeding (HW) at 30 days after sowing (DAS)e1
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde1
- Direction
- statistically at pare1
- Comparator
- weed freee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e1“The results revealed significantly higher grain and straw yield (6473 and 8041 kg/ha, respectively) with weed free, which was statistically at par with pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as pre-emergence (PE) + 1 hand weeding (HW) at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha as PE plus one HW at 30 DAS gave the minimum weed population at harvest among the weedicide treatments.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DASe2
- Outcome
- weed population at harveste2
- Direction
- minimume2
- Comparator
- weedicide treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e2“Among the weedicide treatments, minimum weed population at harvest, least dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index, highest weed control efficiency and maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DAS) which was followed by treatment T5 (Pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ ha as PE +1 HW at 30 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha as PE plus one HW at 30 DAS gave the least dry weight of weeds among the weedicide treatments.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DASe2
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse2
- Direction
- leaste2
- Comparator
- weedicide treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e2“Among the weedicide treatments, minimum weed population at harvest, least dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index, highest weed control efficiency and maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DAS) which was followed by treatment T5 (Pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ ha as PE +1 HW at 30 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha as PE plus one HW at 30 DAS gave the lowest weed index among the weedicide treatments.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DASe2
- Outcome
- weed indexe2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Comparator
- weedicide treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e2“Among the weedicide treatments, minimum weed population at harvest, least dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index, highest weed control efficiency and maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DAS) which was followed by treatment T5 (Pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ ha as PE +1 HW at 30 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha as PE plus one HW at 30 DAS gave the highest weed control efficiency among the weedicide treatments.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DASe2
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- weedicide treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e2“Among the weedicide treatments, minimum weed population at harvest, least dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index, highest weed control efficiency and maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DAS) which was followed by treatment T5 (Pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ ha as PE +1 HW at 30 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha as PE plus one HW at 30 DAS gave the maximum benefit cost ratio among the weedicide treatments.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DASe2
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Comparator
- weedicide treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e2“Among the weedicide treatments, minimum weed population at harvest, least dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index, highest weed control efficiency and maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE + 1 HW at 30 DAS) which was followed by treatment T5 (Pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ ha as PE +1 HW at 30 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and straw was maximum in weed-free plots.
- Treatment
- weed freee3
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and strawe3
- Direction
- Maximume3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e3“Maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and straw was recorded in weed free plots which was statistically at par with treatment T6 where Pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha was applied as pre-emergence and integrated with one hand weeding thirty days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin (CS) at 1.5 kg/ha as PE plus one HW at 30 DAS was statistically at par with weed-free plots for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and straw.
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha was applied as pre-emergence and integrated with one hand weeding thirty days after sowinge3
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and strawe3
- Direction
- statistically at pare3
- Comparator
- weed free plotse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“summer maize (Zea mays)”
e3“Maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and straw was recorded in weed free plots which was statistically at par with treatment T6 where Pendimethalin (CS) @ 1.5 kg/ha was applied as pre-emergence and integrated with one hand weeding thirty days after sowing”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →pendimethalin · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
pendimethalin · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →herbicide · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →herbicide · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
359 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
402 papers more in this group
See all 406 papers →herbicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
499 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
647 papers more in this group
See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.