Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea but there is limited information about the impact of chemical and biological additives on fermentation characteristics of the crop. This experiment was conducted to investigate fermentation dynamics of wilted forage rye treated with the following six additives; control (no additive), sodium diacetate applied at 3 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA3), 6 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA6), inoculations (106 CFU/g wilted forage) of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or LP+LB. The ensiled rye sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days indicated that the acidification occurred fast within five days of storage than the rest of the storage period. The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated, which accompanied by the decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates and increase of lactic acid. Compared with the control silage, all treatments suppressed ammonia-nitrogen formation below to 35 g/kg DM throughout the sampling period. Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB. The lactic acid production rates were generally higher in microbial inoculation treatments. Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages. The in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and total digestible nutrients were the highest in the silage treated with SDA (6 g/kg) at day 45 of ensiling. Based on lower ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and higher feed value, ensiling forage rye treated with SDA at 6 g/kg is promising through enhanced silage quality.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Acidification of ensiled forage rye occurred fast within five days of storage.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.
Secale cerealee0 - Outcome
- acidificatione1
- Qualifier
- within five days of storagee1
- Setting
- Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e1“the acidification occurred fast within five days of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculants decreased silage pH more rapidly than the control or SDA treatment.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- microbial inoculantse1
- Outcome
- pHe1
- Direction
- declinee1
- Qualifier
- more rapidlye1
- Comparator
- control or SDA treatede1
- Setting
- Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e1“The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculants were accompanied by a decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates in ensiled forage rye.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- microbial inoculantse2
- Outcome
- water-soluble carbohydratese2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Setting
- Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e2“The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated, which accompanied by the decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculants were accompanied by an increase of lactic acid in ensiled forage rye.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- microbial inoculantse2
- Outcome
- lactic acide2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Setting
- Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e2“The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated, which accompanied by the decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates and increase of lactic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments suppressed ammonia-nitrogen formation in ensiled forage rye compared with the control silage, below 35 g/kg DM throughout the sampling period.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse3
- Outcome
- ammonia-nitrogen formatione3
- Direction
- suppressede3
- Value
- 35 g/kg DMe3
- Qualifier
- throughout the sampling periode3
- Comparator
- control silagee3
- Setting
- Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e3“Compared with the control silage, all treatments suppressed ammonia-nitrogen formation below to 35 g/kg DM throughout the sampling period”
Claim · model-written summary
SDA6 suppressed total microbial counting in ensiled forage rye.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- SDA6e4
- Outcome
- total microbial countinge4
- Direction
- Suppressione4
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e4“Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB”
Claim · model-written summary
LP suppressed total microbial counting in ensiled forage rye.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- LPe4
- Outcome
- total microbial countinge4
- Direction
- Suppressione4
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e4“Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB”
Claim · model-written summary
LP + LB suppressed total microbial counting in ensiled forage rye.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- LP + LBe4
- Outcome
- total microbial countinge4
- Direction
- Suppressione4
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e4“Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid concentration was lowest in ensiled forage rye treated with LP.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- LP-treated silagee5
- Outcome
- Acetic acid concentratione5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e5“Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid concentration was highest in ensiled forage rye treated with SDA.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- SDAe5
- Outcome
- Acetic acid concentratione5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e5“Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid concentration was highest in ensiled forage rye treated with LB.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- LB-treated silagese5
- Outcome
- Acetic acid concentratione5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e5“Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic acid production rates were generally higher in ensiled forage rye with microbial inoculation.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- microbial inoculation treatmentse6
- Outcome
- lactic acid production ratese6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- generallye6
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e6“The lactic acid production rates were generally higher in microbial inoculation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiled forage rye treated with SDA at 6 g/kg had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrients at day 45 of ensiling.
- Taxon
- Secale cereale L.Secale cerealee0
- Treatment
- SDA (6 g/kg)e1
- Outcome
- in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and total digestible nutrientse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- at day 45 of ensilinge1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea”
e1“The in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and total digestible nutrients were the highest in the silage treated with SDA (6 g/kg) at day 45 of ensiling”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling forage rye with SDA at 6 g/kg is promising for enhanced silage quality.
Verbatim
e1“ensiling forage rye treated with SDA at 6 g/kg is promising through enhanced silage quality”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.