Abstract
There is no report on the effect of the length of Jizhen 2 interstock on the growth and fruit quality of Tianhong 2 apple trees, which are usually grown in Baoding, Hebei Province, China. We surveyed the tree size, branch types, fruit set, fruit quality and root parameters of 3–5-year-old ‘Tianhong 2/Jizhen 2/Malus × robusta Rehder’ apple trees, to study the effects of dwarfing interstock length on the growth of the tree’s aboveground parts and roots, as well as fruit yield and quality. The tree height and the stem girths of the interstock and scion decreased as interstock length increased, and the dwarfing degree of the apple trees gradually increased. Trees with an interstock length of 30 cm had the fewest long branches, the most short branches, and the greatest proportion of short branches. An interstock length of 30 cm provided the highest fruit-set rate, the highest yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional area, the highest single fruit weight, the highest soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*), and better red skin coloration (higher a*) of the fruit skin. The root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density exhibited two growth peaks in a year, during the slow growth period when spring and autumn shoots are stopped. Root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density decreased with interstock length. Root death peaked during the growth peak period of the autumn shoots, and root length density of dead roots and root turnover frequencyincreased with the interstock length. A 30 cm length was the most suitable for the Tianhong 2 apple trees when the Jizhen 2 was used as the interstock.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Tree height and interstock and scion girths decreased as interstock length increased.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- interstock lengthe0
- Outcome
- tree height and the stem girths of the interstock and scione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tree height and the stem girths of the interstock and scion decreased as interstock length increased, and the dwarfing degree of the apple trees gradually increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple dwarfing degree increased as interstock length increased.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- interstock lengtht0
- Outcome
- dwarfing degreee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dwarfing degree of the apple trees gradually increased.”
t0“Interstock Length”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock produced the fewest long branches.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- long branchese0
- Direction
- feweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees with an interstock length of 30 cm had the fewest long branches, the most short branches, and the greatest proportion of short branches.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock produced the most short branches and greatest short-branch proportion.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- short branches, and the greatest proportion of short branchese0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees with an interstock length of 30 cm had the fewest long branches, the most short branches, and the greatest proportion of short branches.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock gave the highest fruit-set rate.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- fruit-set ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An interstock length of 30 cm provided the highest fruit-set rate, the highest yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional area, the highest single fruit weight, the highest soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*), and better red skin coloration (higher a*) of the fruit skin.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock gave the highest yield per tree and cross-sectional area.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An interstock length of 30 cm provided the highest fruit-set rate, the highest yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional area, the highest single fruit weight, the highest soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*), and better red skin coloration (higher a*) of the fruit skin.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock gave the highest single fruit weight.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- single fruit weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An interstock length of 30 cm provided the highest fruit-set rate, the highest yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional area, the highest single fruit weight, the highest soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*), and better red skin coloration (higher a*) of the fruit skin.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock gave the highest soluble: acid ratio and color brightness.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An interstock length of 30 cm provided the highest fruit-set rate, the highest yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional area, the highest single fruit weight, the highest soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*), and better red skin coloration (higher a*) of the fruit skin.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 cm interstock gave better red skin coloration.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock length of 30 cme0
- Outcome
- red skin coloratione0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An interstock length of 30 cm provided the highest fruit-set rate, the highest yield per tree and per unit cross-sectional area, the highest single fruit weight, the highest soluble: acid ratio, the highest color brightness (L*), and better red skin coloration (higher a*) of the fruit skin.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length, surface area and volume density showed two annual growth peaks.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- spring and autumn shootse0
- Outcome
- root length density, root surface area density, and root volume densitye0
- Value
- two growth peaks in a yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density exhibited two growth peaks in a year, during the slow growth period when spring and autumn shoots are stopped.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length, surface area and volume density decreased with interstock length.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock lengthe0
- Outcome
- Root length density, root surface area density, and root volume densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density decreased with interstock length.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Root death peaked during the autumn shoot growth peak.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- autumn shootse0
- Outcome
- Root deathe0
- Direction
- peakede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root death peaked during the growth peak period of the autumn shoots”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Dead-root length density and root turnover frequency increased with interstock length.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- interstock lengthe0
- Outcome
- root length density of dead roots and root turnover frequencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density of dead roots and root turnover frequencyincreased with the interstock length.”
t0“Apple Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a 30 cm Jizhen 2 interstock for Tianhong 2 apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Tianhong 2e0
- Outcome
- A 30 cm lengthe0
- Qualifier
- Jizhen 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 30 cm length was the most suitable for the Tianhong 2 apple trees when the Jizhen 2 was used as the interstock.”