Abstract
To explore the effect of different nutrient-solution depths on the growth and phytochemicals accumulation of kale, three different nutrient-solution depth treatments (De-1: 1 cm, De-2: 2 cm, and De-3: 3 cm) were applied in the plant factory with artificial lighting. The maximum levels of plant height, stem diameter, total leaf area, total root length, and root surface area as well as fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root were all noted in De-2 at 24 days after treatment. Low nutrient-solution depth treatments (De-1 and De-2) were beneficial for total chlorophyll accumulation and nutrient ions uptake (N, P, K, Ca, S, and Zn). However, there were no obvious differences in DPPH and FRAP as well as contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids. In high nutrient-solution depth treatment (De-3), the contents of carotenoid, soluble sugars, and vitamin C were higher than those in De-1 and De-2. The contents of total glucosinolates (GLs), aliphatic GLs, and indole GLs significantly increased in kale under De-3. Higher contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxalate oxidase (OXO), and proline were observed in kale roots under De-2 and De-3. Overall, 2 cm of nutrient-solution depth could be used to promote kale growth, and 3 cm may represent a potential approach for improving kale quality in a plant factory.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
De-2 gave maximum plant height, stem diameter, total leaf area at 24 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Treatment
- De-2e0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, total leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 24 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“The maximum levels of plant height, stem diameter, total leaf area, total root length, and root surface area as well as fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root were all noted in De-2 at 24 days after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
De-2 gave maximum total root length, and root surface area at 24 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- De-2e0
- Outcome
- total root length, and root surface areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 24 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“The maximum levels of plant height, stem diameter, total leaf area, total root length, and root surface area as well as fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root were all noted in De-2 at 24 days after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
De-2 gave maximum fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root at 24 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- De-2e0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of the shoot and roote0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 24 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“The maximum levels of plant height, stem diameter, total leaf area, total root length, and root surface area as well as fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root were all noted in De-2 at 24 days after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nutrient solution depths benefited chlorophyll accumulation and nutrient ion uptake.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Low nutrient-solution depth treatments (De-1 and De-2)e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll accumulation and nutrient ions uptakee0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“Low nutrient-solution depth treatments (De-1 and De-2) were beneficial for total chlorophyll accumulation and nutrient ions uptake (N, P, K, Ca, S, and Zn).”
Claim · model-written summary
Depth treatments showed no obvious difference in DPPH and FRAP.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Outcome
- DPPH and FRAPe0
- Direction
- no obvious differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“there were no obvious differences in DPPH and FRAP as well as contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Depth treatments showed no obvious difference in total polyphenols and flavonoids.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Outcome
- contents of total polyphenols and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- no obvious differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“there were no obvious differences in DPPH and FRAP as well as contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
De-3 increased carotenoid, soluble sugar and vitamin C contents over De-1 and De-2.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- De-3e0
- Outcome
- contents of carotenoid, soluble sugars, and vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- De-1 and De-2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“In high nutrient-solution depth treatment (De-3), the contents of carotenoid, soluble sugars, and vitamin C were higher than those in De-1 and De-2.”
Claim · model-written summary
De-3 significantly increased total, aliphatic and indole glucosinolates.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- De-3e0
- Outcome
- contents of total glucosinolates (GLs), aliphatic GLs, and indole GLse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“The contents of total glucosinolates (GLs), aliphatic GLs, and indole GLs significantly increased in kale under De-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
De-2 and De-3 had higher root reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and proline.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- De-2 and De-3e0
- Outcome
- contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- Highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“Higher contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxalate oxidase (OXO), and proline were observed in kale roots under De-2 and De-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
De-2 and De-3 had higher root oxalate oxidase.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- De-2 and De-3e0
- Outcome
- oxalate oxidase (OXO)e0
- Direction
- Highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“Higher contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxalate oxidase (OXO), and proline were observed in kale roots under De-2 and De-3.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 2 cm nutrient-solution depth to promote kale growth.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- 2 cm of nutrient-solution depthe0
- Outcome
- promote kale growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“2 cm of nutrient-solution depth could be used to promote kale growth, and 3 cm may represent a potential approach for improving kale quality in a plant factory.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose 3 cm depth to improve kale quality in a plant factory.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- 3 cme0
- Outcome
- improving kale qualitye0
- Setting
- plant factorye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kale”
e0“2 cm of nutrient-solution depth could be used to promote kale growth, and 3 cm may represent a potential approach for improving kale quality in a plant factory.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · physiology: pigments · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.