Abstract
Deficiencies of essential vitamins, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) affect over one-half of the world’s population. A significant progress has been made to control micronutrient deficiencies through supplementation, but new approaches are needed, especially to reach the rural poor. Agronomic biofortification of pulses with Zn, Fe, and boron (B) offers a pragmatic solution to combat hidden hunger instead of food fortification and supplementation. Moreover, it also has positive effects on crop production as well. Therefore, we conducted three separate field experiments for two consecutive years to evaluate the impact of soil and foliar application of the aforementioned nutrients on the yield and seed biofortification of mungbean. Soil application of Zn at 0, 4.125, 8.25, Fe at 0, 2.5, 5.0 and B at 0, 0.55, 1.1 kg ha−1 was done in the first, second and third experiment, respectively. Foliar application in these experiments was done at 0.3% Zn, 0.2% Fe and 0.1% B respectively one week after flowering initiation. Data revealed that soil-applied Zn, Fe and B at 8.25, 5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1, respectively, enhanced the grain yield of mungbean; however, this increase in yield was statistically similar to that recorded with Zn, Fe and B at 4.125, 2.5 and 0.55 kg ha−1, respectively. Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%, Fe contents by 80% and 78%, while B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020, respectively. It was concluded from the results that soil application of Zn, Fe, and B enhanced the yield performance of mungbean; while significant improvements in seed Zn, Fe, and B contents were recorded with foliar application of these nutrients.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied zinc at 8.25 kg ha−1 enhanced mungbean grain yield.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“soil-applied Zn, Fe and B at 8.25, 5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1, respectively, enhanced the grain yield of mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied iron at 5.0 kg ha−1 enhanced mungbean grain yield.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Fe and B at 8.25, 5.0e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil-applied Zn, Fe and B at 8.25, 5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1, respectively, enhanced the grain yield of mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied boron at 1.1 kg ha−1 enhanced mungbean grain yield.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- B at 8.25, 5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil-applied Zn, Fe and B at 8.25, 5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1, respectively, enhanced the grain yield of mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increases at higher soil doses were statistically similar to lower doses of zinc, iron and boron.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this increase in yield was statistically similar to that recorded with Zn, Fe and B at 4.125, 2.5 and 0.55 kg ha−1, respectively”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc increased seed zinc contents by 28% in 2019.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc increased seed zinc contents by 31% in 2020.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar iron increased seed iron contents by 80% in 2019.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe contents by 80% and 78%”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar iron increased seed iron contents by 78% in 2020.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe contents by 80% and 78%”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed boron contents by 98% in 2019.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed boron contents by 116% in 2020.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
t0“Mungbean”
t1“Mungbean”
e1“Foliar application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28% and 31%”
e2“B contents by 98% and 116% over control during 2019 and 2020”
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