Abstract
Strawberry production presents special challenges due the plants’ shallow roots. The rooting stage of strawberry is a crucial period in the production of this important crop. Several amendments have been applied to support the growth and production of strawberry, particularly fertilizers, to overcome rooting problems. Therefore, the current investigation was carried out to evaluate the application of biological nanofertilizers in promoting strawberry rooting. The treatments included applying two different nanofertilizers produced biologically, nano-selenium (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) and nano-copper (i.e., 50 and 100 mg L−1), plus a control (untreated seedlings). The rooting of strawberry seedlings was investigated by measuring the vegetative growth parameters (root weight, seedling weight, seedling length, and number of leaves), plant enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity), and chlorophyll content and its fluorescence and by evaluating the nutritional status (content of nutrients in the fruit and their uptake). The results showed that the applied nanofertilizers improved the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant content, and nutritional status of the seedlings compared to the control. A high significant increase in nutrient contents reached to more than 14-fold, 6-fold, 5-folf, and 4-fold for Cu, Mn, N, and Se contents, respectively, due to the applied nanofertilizers compared with the control. The result was related to the biological roles of both Se and CuO in activating the many plant enzymes. Comparing the Se with the CuO nanofertilizer, Cu had the strongest effect, which was shown in the higher values in all studied properties. This study showed that nanofertilizers are useful to stimulate strawberry seedling growth and most likely would also be beneficial for other horticultural crops. In general, the applied 100 ppm of biological nano-Se or nano-CuO might achieve the best growth of strawberry seedlings under growth conditions in greenhouses compared to the control. Along with the economic dimension, the ecological dimension of biological nanofertilizers still needs more investigation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers improved the growth of strawberry seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e1“The results showed that the applied nanofertilizers improved the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant content, and nutritional status of the seedlings compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant content of strawberry seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant contente1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e1“The results showed that the applied nanofertilizers improved the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant content, and nutritional status of the seedlings compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers improved the nutritional status of strawberry seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse1
- Outcome
- nutritional statuse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e1“The results showed that the applied nanofertilizers improved the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant content, and nutritional status of the seedlings compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers increased Cu content of strawberry seedlings about 14-fold compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse2
- Outcome
- nutrient contentse2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 14-folde2
- Qualifier
- Cue2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e2“A high significant increase in nutrient contents reached to more than 14-fold, 6-fold, 5-folf, and 4-fold for Cu, Mn, N, and Se contents, respectively, due to the applied nanofertilizers compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers increased Mn content of strawberry seedlings about 6-fold compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse2
- Outcome
- nutrient contentse2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 6-folde2
- Qualifier
- Mne2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e2“A high significant increase in nutrient contents reached to more than 14-fold, 6-fold, 5-folf, and 4-fold for Cu, Mn, N, and Se contents, respectively, due to the applied nanofertilizers compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers increased N content of strawberry seedlings about 5-fold (as printed) compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse2
- Outcome
- nutrient contentse2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 5-folfe2
- Qualifier
- Ne2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e2“A high significant increase in nutrient contents reached to more than 14-fold, 6-fold, 5-folf, and 4-fold for Cu, Mn, N, and Se contents, respectively, due to the applied nanofertilizers compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nanofertilizers increased Se content of strawberry seedlings about 4-fold compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- applied nanofertilizerse2
- Outcome
- nutrient contentse2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 4-folde2
- Qualifier
- See2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e2“A high significant increase in nutrient contents reached to more than 14-fold, 6-fold, 5-folf, and 4-fold for Cu, Mn, N, and Se contents, respectively, due to the applied nanofertilizers compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The CuO nanofertilizer had a stronger effect than the Se nanofertilizer, with higher values in all studied properties.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- CuO nanofertilizere3
- Outcome
- studied propertiese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- See3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e3“Comparing the Se with the CuO nanofertilizer, Cu had the strongest effect, which was shown in the higher values in all studied properties”
Claim · model-written summary
The results are related to the biological roles of Se and CuO in activating plant enzymes (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- The resulte4
- Qualifier
- biological roles of both Se and CuO in activating the many plant enzymese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e4“The result was related to the biological roles of both Se and CuO in activating the many plant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
The application of 100 ppm of biological nano-Se or nano-CuO might achieve the best growth of strawberry seedlings in greenhouses compared with the control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 100 ppm of biological nano-Se or nano-CuOe5
- Outcome
- best growthe5
- Comparator
- controle5
- Setting
- greenhousese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings”
e5“In general, the applied 100 ppm of biological nano-Se or nano-CuO might achieve the best growth of strawberry seedlings under growth conditions in greenhouses compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological nanofertilizers would most likely also be beneficial for other horticultural crops (hypothesis).
Verbatim
e6“most likely would also be beneficial for other horticultural crops”
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