Abstract
In this study, rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria were tested for the alleviation of salinity stress in rice. Endophytic isolates were taken from previous studies based on their salt stress-alleviating traits. The rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from rice and screened based on salt tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits. Molecular identification indicated the presence of class Gammaproteobacteria, Bacillota, and Actinomycetia. Two-two most potential isolates each from rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria were selected for in planta trials. Results showed that microbial inoculation significantly improved germination and seedling vigor under elevated salinity. The confocal scanning laser microscopy showed higher bacterial colonization in inoculated rice roots than in control. Based on this experiment, rhizospheric bacteria Brevibacterium frigoritolerans W19 and endophytic Bacillus safensis BTL5 were selected for pot trial along with a growth-inducing compound melatonin 20 ppm. Inoculation of these two bacteria improved the levels of chlorophyll, proline, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, root-shoot length, and dry weight under elevated salt concentration. The gene expression studies showed modulation of SOD1, CATa, NHX1 , and PAL1 genes by the bacterial strains and melatonin application. The inoculation was found to have additive effects with 20 ppm melatonin. This enhancement in dry matter accumulation, compatible solute production, and oxidative stress regulation could help plants in mitigating the ill effects of high salinity. Exploring such a combination of microbes and inducer molecules could be potentially useful in developing stress-alleviating bioformulations.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation significantly improved rice germination and seedling vigor under elevated salinity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- microbial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling vigore0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under elevated salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“microbial inoculation significantly improved germination and seedling vigor under elevated salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice roots had higher bacterial colonization than controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- bacterial colonizatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher bacterial colonization in inoculated rice roots than in control”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Brevibacterium frigoritolerans W19 improved chlorophyll, proline, enzyme levels, growth, and dry weight under elevated salt.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Brevibacterium frigoritolerans W19Peribacillus frigoritoleranse0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of chlorophyll, proline, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, root-shoot length, and dry weighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under elevated salt concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“rhizospheric bacteria Brevibacterium frigoritolerans W19 and endophytic Bacillus safensis BTL5 were selected for pot trial along with a growth-inducing compound melatonin 20 ppm”
e1“Inoculation of these two bacteria improved the levels of chlorophyll, proline, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, root-shoot length, and dry weight under elevated salt concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Bacillus safensis BTL5 improved chlorophyll, proline, enzyme levels, growth, and dry weight under elevated salt.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus safensis BTL5Bacillus safensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of chlorophyll, proline, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, root-shoot length, and dry weighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under elevated salt concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“endophytic Bacillus safensis BTL5”
e1“Inoculation of these two bacteria improved the levels of chlorophyll, proline, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, root-shoot length, and dry weight under elevated salt concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial strains and melatonin modulated expression of SOD1, CATa, NHX1, and PAL1 genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bacterial strains and melatonin applicatione0
- Outcome
- modulation of SOD1, CATa, NHX1 , and PAL1 genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“modulation of SOD1, CATa, NHX1 , and PAL1 genes by the bacterial strains and melatonin application”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation had additive effects with 20 ppm melatonin.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- additive effectse0
- Qualifier
- 20 ppm melatonine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“The inoculation was found to have additive effects with 20 ppm melatonin”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.