Abstract
Abstract The exchange of phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a major determinant of their mutualistic symbiosis. We explored the C dynamics in tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis to study their growth response under different NaH 2 PO 4 concentrations (Null P, 0 mM; Low P, 0.065 mM; High P, 1.3 mM). The percentage of AMF colonization was similar in plants under Null and Low P, but severely reduced under High P. However, the AMF mass biomarker 16:1ω5 revealed higher fungal accumulation in inoculated roots under Low P, while more AMF spores were produced in the Null P. Under High P, AMF biomass and spores were strongly reduced. Plant growth response to mycorrhiza was negative under Null P, showing reduction in height, biovolume index, and source leaf (SL) area. Under Low P, inoculated plants showed a positive response (e.g., increased SL area), while inoculated plants under High P were similar to non‐inoculated plants. AMF promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars in the SL under all fertilization levels, whereas the soluble sugar level decreased in roots under Low P in inoculated plants. Transcriptional upregulation of SlLIN6 and SlSUS1 , genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, was observed in inoculated roots under Null P and Low P, respectively. We conclude that P‐limiting conditions that increase AMF colonization stimulate plant growth due to an increase in the source and sink strength. Our results suggest that C partitioning and allocation to different catabolic pathways in the host are influenced by AMF performance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization of tomato was similar under Null and Low P but severely reduced under High P.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- High Pe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise0symbiont - Outcome
- percentage of AMF colonizatione1
- Direction
- severely reducede1
- Comparator
- Null and Low Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“The percentage of AMF colonization was similar in plants under Null and Low P, but severely reduced under High P”
Claim · model-written summary
The AMF mass biomarker 16:1ω5 showed higher fungal accumulation in inoculated tomato roots under Low P.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Low Pe2
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- fungal accumulatione2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e2“the AMF mass biomarker 16:1ω5 revealed higher fungal accumulation in inoculated roots under Low P”
Claim · model-written summary
More AMF spores were produced under Null P.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Null Pe3
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF sporese3
- Direction
- moree3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e3“more AMF spores were produced in the Null P”
Claim · model-written summary
Under High P, AMF biomass and spores were strongly reduced.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- High Pe4
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF biomass and sporese4
- Direction
- strongly reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e4“Under High P, AMF biomass and spores were strongly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth response to mycorrhiza under Null P was negative, with reduced height, biovolume index and source leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae5
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae5symbiont
- Outcome
- height, biovolume index, and source leaf (SL) areae5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Qualifier
- under Null Pe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e5“Plant growth response to mycorrhiza was negative under Null P, showing reduction in height, biovolume index, and source leaf (SL) area”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Low P, inoculated tomato plants showed increased source leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- inoculatede6
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- SL areae6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- under Low Pe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e6“Under Low P, inoculated plants showed a positive response (e.g., increased SL area)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under High P, inoculated tomato plants were similar to non-inoculated plants in growth response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- inoculatede7
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- Plant growth responsee5
- Direction
- similare7
- Qualifier
- under High Pe7
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e5“Plant growth response to mycorrhiza was negative under Null P, showing reduction in height, biovolume index, and source leaf (SL) area”
e7“while inoculated plants under High P were similar to non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF promoted soluble sugar accumulation in source leaves under all fertilization levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- SLe1
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“AMF promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars in the SL under all fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar level decreased in roots under Low P in inoculated tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- Low Pe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugar levele1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“the soluble sugar level decreased in roots under Low P in inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SlLIN6 transcription was upregulated in inoculated roots under Null P.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- inoculated rootse1
- Treatment
- Null Pe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Gene
- SlLIN6e1
- Outcome
- Transcriptional upregulatione1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“Transcriptional upregulation of SlLIN6 and SlSUS1 , genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, was observed in inoculated roots under Null P and Low P, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSUS1 transcription was upregulated in inoculated roots under Low P.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- inoculated rootse1
- Treatment
- Low Pe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Gene
- SlSUS1e1
- Outcome
- Transcriptional upregulatione1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“Transcriptional upregulation of SlLIN6 and SlSUS1 , genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, was observed in inoculated roots under Null P and Low P, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus-limiting conditions that increase AMF colonization are concluded to stimulate tomato growth through increased source and sink strength.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- P‐limiting conditionse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Qualifier
- due to an increase in the source and sink strengthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“We conclude that P‐limiting conditions that increase AMF colonization stimulate plant growth due to an increase in the source and sink strength”
Claim · model-written summary
C partitioning and allocation to catabolic pathways in tomato are suggested to be influenced by AMF performance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- C partitioning and allocation to different catabolic pathwayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ( Solanum lycorpersicum ) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“Our results suggest that C partitioning and allocation to different catabolic pathways in the host are influenced by AMF performance”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.