Abstract
Salt stress has become one of the main factors limiting crop yield in recent years. The post-germinative growth is most sensitive to salt stress in soybean. In this study, cultivated and wild soybeans were used for an integrated metabonomics and transcriptomics analysis to determine whether wild soybean can resist salt stress by maintaining the mobilization of stored substances in cotyledons and the balance of carbon and nitrogen in the hypocotyl/root axis (HRA). Compared with wild soybean, the growth of cultivated soybean was significantly inhibited during the post-germinative growth period under salt stress. Integrating analysis found that the breakdown products of proteins, such as glutamate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and asparagine, increased significantly in wild soybean cotyledons. Asparagine synthase and fumarate hydratase genes and genes encoding HSP20 family proteins were specifically upregulated. In wild soybean HRA, levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, citric acid, and succinic acid increased significantly, and the glutamate decarboxylase gene and the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase in nitrogen metabolism were significantly upregulated. The metabolic model indicated that wild soybean enhanced the decomposition of stored proteins and the transport of amino acids to the HRA in cotyledons and the GABA shunt to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance in the HRA to resist salt stress. This study provided a theoretical basis for cultivating salt-tolerant soybean varieties and opened opportunities for the development of sustainable agricultural practices.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, growth of cultivated soybean was significantly inhibited compared with wild soybean during post-germinative growth.
- Taxon
- cultivated soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- significantly inhibitede0
- Comparator
- wild soybeane0
- Setting
- post-germinative growth periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with wild soybean, the growth of cultivated soybean was significantly inhibited during the post-germinative growth period under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Breakdown products of proteins increased significantly in wild soybean cotyledons.
- Taxon
- wild soybean
Glycine sojae1 - Organ / stage
- cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- breakdown products of proteinse1
- Direction
- increased significantlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Integrating analysis found that the breakdown products of proteins, such as glutamate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and asparagine, increased significantly in wild soybean cotyledons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Asparagine synthase and fumarate hydratase genes and genes encoding HSP20 family proteins were specifically upregulated in wild soybean.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae1
- Gene
- Asparagine synthase and fumarate hydratase genes and genes encoding HSP20 family proteinse2
- Outcome
- specifically upregulatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Integrating analysis found that the breakdown products of proteins, such as glutamate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and asparagine, increased significantly in wild soybean cotyledons.”
e2“Asparagine synthase and fumarate hydratase genes and genes encoding HSP20 family proteins were specifically upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and asparagine increased significantly in the hypocotyl/root axis of wild soybean.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae3
- Organ / stage
- HRAe3
- Outcome
- levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparaginee3
- Direction
- increased significantlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In wild soybean HRA, levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, citric acid, and succinic acid increased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Levels of citric acid and succinic acid increased significantly in the hypocotyl/root axis of wild soybean.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae3
- Organ / stage
- HRAe3
- Outcome
- citric acid, and succinic acide3
- Direction
- increased significantlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In wild soybean HRA, levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, citric acid, and succinic acid increased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate decarboxylase gene and the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase were significantly upregulated in the hypocotyl/root axis of wild soybean.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae3
- Organ / stage
- HRAe3
- Gene
- the glutamate decarboxylase gene and the gene encoding carbonic anhydrasee4
- Outcome
- significantly upregulatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In wild soybean HRA, levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, citric acid, and succinic acid increased significantly”
e4“and the glutamate decarboxylase gene and the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase in nitrogen metabolism were significantly upregulated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild soybean is modelled to enhance storage-protein decomposition and amino acid transport and use a GABA shunt to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae5
- Treatment
- salt stresse5
- Compound
- amino acidse5
- Outcome
- carbon and nitrogen balancee5
- Qualifier
- the GABA shunte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The metabolic model indicated that wild soybean enhanced the decomposition of stored proteins and the transport of amino acids to the HRA in cotyledons and the GABA shunt to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance in the HRA to resist salt stress.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
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