Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season 2021 in agriculture field in Al-Rumaitha district, which was 25 km from the center of Al-Muthanna Governorate, to study the effect of plant distance and different fertilizer combinations on the purchasing value and the size of sunflower grains (Shumoos). A factorial experiment was carried out by using the split plot Experiment, according to a randomized complete block design R.C.B.D with three replicates. The experiment included the two factors , the first factor was four plant distance : (55, 45, 35 and 25) cm, and the second was four different fertilizer combinations of N.P.K and organic acids: (100%, 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4) kg ha-1 . The grains were sown on 03-15-2021 with different distances between plant and 75 cm between one line and another. The plant wide spacing between sunflower plants significantly affected most of the yield traits; the distance of 55 cm was superior in the highest mean disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 gm and harvest index, while the sowing distance distance of 25 cm was significantly superior in giving the highest mean of total grain yield. The addition of different fertilizer combinations affected all vegetative growth characteristics, fertilizer level exceeded F2 (120 kg N ha-1 ,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,120 kg K2O ha-1 +30 kg ha-1 humic and fulvic) on disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains, harvest index and total grain yield. The effect of the interaction between the two factors of the study was significant on most of the studied traits. the treatment F2D4 significantlysuperiority, by giving it the highest average for each of the disc diameter, the number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains, and the harvest index, whereas, the combination F2D1 gave the highest Mean for the total grain yield
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A 55 cm plant distance gave the highest disc diameter, number of filled grains and 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- distance of 55 cme1
- Outcome
- disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 gme1
- Direction
- superiore1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“the distance of 55 cm was superior in the highest mean disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 gm and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
A 55 cm plant distance gave the highest harvest index.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- distance of 55 cme1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- superiore1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“the distance of 55 cm was superior in the highest mean disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 gm and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
A 25 cm plant distance gave the highest total grain yield, significantly superior to other distances.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- distance of 25 cme1
- Outcome
- total grain yielde1
- Direction
- significantly superiore1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“the sowing distance distance of 25 cm was significantly superior in giving the highest mean of total grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The addition of different fertilizer combinations affected all vegetative growth characteristics of sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- addition of different fertilizer combinationse1
- Outcome
- vegetative growth characteristicse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“The addition of different fertilizer combinations affected all vegetative growth characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer level F2 exceeded other combinations for disc diameter, filled grains and 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha-1 ,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,120 kg K2O ha-1 +30 kg ha-1 humic and fulvice1
- Outcome
- disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grainse1
- Direction
- exceedede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“fertilizer level exceeded F2 (120 kg N ha-1 ,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,120 kg K2O ha-1 +30 kg ha-1 humic and fulvic) on disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer level F2 exceeded other combinations for harvest index and total grain yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha-1 ,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,120 kg K2O ha-1 +30 kg ha-1 humic and fulvice1
- Outcome
- harvest index and total grain yielde1
- Direction
- exceedede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“fertilizer level exceeded F2 (120 kg N ha-1 ,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,120 kg K2O ha-1 +30 kg ha-1 humic and fulvic) on disc diameter, number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains, harvest index and total grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment F2D4 gave the highest average disc diameter, filled-grain number and 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F2D4e1
- Outcome
- disc diameter, the number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grainse1
- Direction
- highest averagee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“the treatment F2D4 significantlysuperiority, by giving it the highest average for each of the disc diameter, the number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains, and the harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment F2D4 gave the highest average harvest index.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F2D4e1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- highest averagee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“the treatment F2D4 significantlysuperiority, by giving it the highest average for each of the disc diameter, the number of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains, and the harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination F2D1 gave the highest mean total grain yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- F2D1e1
- Outcome
- total grain yielde1
- Direction
- highest Meane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“whereas, the combination F2D1 gave the highest Mean for the total grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between spacing and fertilizer was significant for most studied traits.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- interaction between the two factors of the studye1
- Outcome
- most of the studied traitse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“The effect of the interaction between the two factors of the study was significant on most of the studied traits”
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