Abstract
Two metal-contaminated biosolids-amended soils (moderately and highly contaminated) from the Bromley Sewage Treatment Farm, Christchurch, New Zealand, were used to evaluate the effect of remedial treatments on Ni, Zn, and Cu phytoavailability to sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Two different chemical treatments (iron waste and treated zeolite), at 2 rates of application (5% and 10% w/w), in combination with 3 rates of a liming material (Ca(OH)2 at 0%, 0.33%, and 0.66% w/w) were evaluated for their metal remediation potential using pot experiments. Under the moderately acidic pH conditions of the original soils (pH 5.4–5.7), neither of the materials had substantial effects on plant metal concentrations, and the application of treated zeolite resulted in a large decrease in plant yield (>60% reduction). However, in the presence of Ca(OH)2, both materials showed some potential for reducing Ni and Zn concentrations in sunflowers compared with Ca(OH)2 alone. The best combinations of zeolite or iron waste with Ca(OH)2 resulted in reductions in shoot Ni concentrations to below the detection limit. For Zn, the best combinations of materials resulted in reductions in sunflower shoot Zn concentrations of 91% for the moderately contaminated soil and 75% for the highly contaminated soil. Combinations of iron waste and Ca(OH)2 in particular resulted in substantial decreases in soluble soil Zn concentrations (>90% reduction) and increases in plant yield (63% increase for highly contaminated soil), attributed to the remediation of Zn toxicity. There was little effect of any treatment on Cu concentration in the sunflower plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Under original soil acidity, neither amendment substantially changed plant metal concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- materialse0
- Outcome
- plant metal concentrationse0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither of the materials had substantial effects on plant metal concentrations”
e1“sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated zeolite reduced sunflower yield by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- treated zeolitee0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- >60% reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of treated zeolite resulted in a large decrease in plant yield (>60% reduction)”
e1“sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
With lime, zeolite reduced sunflower Ni and Zn concentrations versus lime alone.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse0 - Treatment
- Ca(OH)2e0
- Outcome
- Ni and Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- Ca(OH)2 alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the presence of Ca(OH)2, both materials showed some potential for reducing Ni and Zn concentrations in sunflowers compared with Ca(OH)2 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Best amendment and lime combinations brought shoot Ni below detection.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- zeolite or iron waste with Ca(OH)2e0
- Outcome
- shoot Ni concentrationse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- below the detection limite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best combinations of zeolite or iron waste with Ca(OH)2 resulted in reductions in shoot Ni concentrations to below the detection limit”
e1“sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Best combinations reduced shoot Zn by 91% in moderately contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- best combinations of materialse1
- Outcome
- shoot Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Qualifier
- moderately contaminated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reductions in sunflower shoot Zn concentrations of 91% for the moderately contaminated soil”
e1“best combinations of materials”
Claim · model-written summary
Best combinations reduced shoot Zn by 75% in highly contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- best combinations of materialse2
- Outcome
- shoot Zn concentrationse1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Value
- 75%e0
- Qualifier
- highly contaminated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% for the highly contaminated soil”
e1“reductions in sunflower shoot Zn concentrations”
e2“best combinations of materials”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron waste with lime lowered soluble soil Zn by over 90%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- iron waste and Ca(OH)2e0
- Outcome
- soluble soil Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- >90% reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of iron waste and Ca(OH)2 in particular resulted in substantial decreases in soluble soil Zn concentrations (>90% reduction)”
e1“sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron waste with lime increased sunflower yield 63% in highly contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Treatment
- iron waste and Ca(OH)2e1
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 63% increasee0
- Qualifier
- highly contaminated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in plant yield (63% increase for highly contaminated soil)”
e1“Combinations of iron waste and Ca(OH)2”
e2“sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments had little effect on sunflower Cu concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- any treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cu concentratione0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was little effect of any treatment on Cu concentration in the sunflower plants”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.