Abstract
The cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has been increasing during the last years in controlled environment agriculture, where light represents a key factor for controlling plant growth and development and the highest energetic costs. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the plant’s response to two light intensities, corresponding to an optimal and a reduced level, in terms of the photosynthetic process, photoassimilates partitioning, and the biosynthesis of sucrose and starch. Plants of spinach cv. ‘Gigante d’Inverno’ were grown in a phytotron under controlled conditions, comparing two values of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 800 μmol m−2 s−1 (800 PPFD) and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 (200 PPFD), at a 10 h light/14 h dark regime. Compared to 800 PPFD, under 200 PPFD, plants showed a reduction in biomass accumulation and a redirection of photoassimilates to leaves, determining a leaf expansion to optimize the light interception, without changes in the photosynthetic process. A shift in carbon partitioning favouring the synthesis of starch, causing an increase in the starch/sucrose ratio at the end of light period, occurred in low-light leaves. The activity of enzymes cFBAse, SPS, and AGPase, involved in the synthesis of sucrose and starch in leaves, decreased under lower light intensity, explaining the rate of accumulation of photoassimilates.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light reduced spinach biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Material
- Gigante d’Invernot1
- Treatment
- 200 PPFDe0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- 800 PPFDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to 800 PPFD, under 200 PPFD, plants showed a reduction in biomass accumulation”
t0“Spinach”
t1“Gigante d’Inverno”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light redirected photoassimilates to spinach leaves.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 200 PPFDe0
- Outcome
- redirection of photoassimilates to leavese0
- Comparator
- 800 PPFDt1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under 200 PPFD, plants showed a reduction in biomass accumulation and a redirection of photoassimilates to leaves”
t0“Spinach”
t1“Compared to 800 PPFD, under 200 PPFD”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light caused spinach leaf expansion.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 200 PPFDt1
- Outcome
- leaf expansione0
- Comparator
- 800 PPFDt1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“determining a leaf expansion to optimize the light interception”
t0“Spinach”
t1“800 μmol m−2 s−1 (800 PPFD) and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 (200 PPFD)”
Claim · model-written summary
The spinach photosynthetic process did not change under lower light.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 200 PPFDt1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic processe0
- Direction
- without changese0
- Comparator
- 800 PPFDt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without changes in the photosynthetic process.”
t0“Spinach”
t1“800 μmol m−2 s−1 (800 PPFD) and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 (200 PPFD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light shifted spinach carbon partitioning toward starch synthesis.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- low-lighte1
- Outcome
- carbon partitioning favouring the synthesis of starche0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A shift in carbon partitioning favouring the synthesis of starch”
t0“Spinach”
e1“low-light leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-light leaves had an increased starch/sucrose ratio at the end of the light period.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- low-lighte0
- Outcome
- starch/sucrose ratioe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- at the end of light periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causing an increase in the starch/sucrose ratio at the end of light period, occurred in low-light leaves.”
t0“Spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light decreased cFBAse, SPS and AGPase activity in spinach leaves.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- lower light intensitye0
- Gene
- cFBAse, SPS, and AGPasee0
- Outcome
- activity of enzymes cFBAse, SPS, and AGPasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of enzymes cFBAse, SPS, and AGPase, involved in the synthesis of sucrose and starch in leaves, decreased under lower light intensity”
t0“Spinach”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: enzyme activity · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.