Abstract
Introduction: Selecting appropriate light spectra of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and optimal nutrient composition fertilizers has become integral to commercial controlled environment agriculture (CEA) platforms. Methods: ). Results: Under limited nitrogen (3.6 mM), BGR light increased the fresh shoot (32%) and root (39%) biomass than BR, suggesting additional green light's impact on assimilating photosynthates under suboptimal nitrogen availability. Reduced chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), and higher oxalates under limited nitrogen availability highlighted the adverse effects of red light (BR) on spinach productivity. Increased activities of nitrogen-associated enzymes (GOGAT; Glutamate synthase, GDH; NADH-Glutamate dehydrogenase, NR; Nitrate reductase, and GS; Glutamine synthetase) in spinach plants under BGR light further validated the significance of green light in nitrogen assimilation. Amino acid distributions remained unchanged across the light spectra, although limited nitrogen availability significantly decreased the percent distribution of glutamine and aspartic acid. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated the favorable impacts of additional green light on spinach productivity, as demonstrated under BGR, than GR alone in response to nitrogen perturbation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these impacts still need to be unveiled. Nevertheless, these outcomes provided new insights into our understanding of light spectra on spinach nitrogen metabolism.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Under limited nitrogen BGR light increased shoot biomass 32% relative to BR.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- BGR lighte0
- Outcome
- fresh shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- limited nitrogen (3.6 mM)e0
- Comparator
- BRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under limited nitrogen (3.6 mM), BGR light increased the fresh shoot (32%) and root (39%) biomass than BR”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Under limited nitrogen BGR light increased root biomass 39% relative to BR.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- BGR lighte0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Qualifier
- limited nitrogen (3.6 mM)e0
- Comparator
- BRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under limited nitrogen (3.6 mM), BGR light increased the fresh shoot (32%) and root (39%) biomass than BR”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Under limited nitrogen BR light reduced chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- red light (BR)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid accumulatione0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), and higher oxalates under limited nitrogen availability highlighted the adverse effects of red light (BR) on spinach productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under limited nitrogen BR light reduced electron transport rate.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- red light (BR)e0
- Outcome
- electron transport rate (ETR)e0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), and higher oxalates under limited nitrogen availability highlighted the adverse effects of red light (BR) on spinach productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under limited nitrogen BR light was associated with higher oxalates.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- red light (BR)e0
- Outcome
- oxalatese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), and higher oxalates under limited nitrogen availability highlighted the adverse effects of red light (BR) on spinach productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
BGR light increased nitrogen-associated enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- BGR lighte0
- Outcome
- activities of nitrogen-associated enzymese0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased activities of nitrogen-associated enzymes (GOGAT; Glutamate synthase, GDH; NADH-Glutamate dehydrogenase, NR; Nitrate reductase, and GS; Glutamine synthetase) in spinach plants under BGR light”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid distributions remained unchanged across light spectra.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- light spectrae0
- Outcome
- Amino acid distributionse0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amino acid distributions remained unchanged across the light spectra”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited nitrogen decreased glutamine distribution.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- limited nitrogen availabilitye0
- Outcome
- percent distribution of glutaminee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limited nitrogen availability significantly decreased the percent distribution of glutamine and aspartic acid.”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited nitrogen decreased aspartic acid distribution.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- limited nitrogen availabilitye0
- Outcome
- aspartic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limited nitrogen availability significantly decreased the percent distribution of glutamine and aspartic acid.”
t0“spinach”
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