Abstract
Light, water and nutrient are essential factors influencing fruit quality of strawberry plants grown in commercial greenhouse. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental light on the fruit quality as well as the effect of incorporating deficit irrigation and silicate spray on the plant nitrogen assimilation and fruiting of strawberry plants. The experimental plants were subjected to two light conditions, supplemental lighting (LED) and natural lighting environment (N), combining with two irrigation regimes, full irrigation (FI) or deficit irrigation (DI) and two foliar spray treatments, silicate spray (Si) or water spray (W), resulting in 8 treatments in total, viz., FIWN, FISiN, FIWLED, FISiLED, DIWN, DISiN, DIWLED, DIWLED. The Light treatment significantly elevated fruit polyphenols by 15.5% in the early season, and elevated fruit total sugar, glucose and fructose concentrations by 10.0%, 10.9% and 10.2% in the late season, respectively. The DI increased fruit anthocyanins concentration by 25% in the early season, and increased fruit glutamate concentration by 12.3% in the late season. The Si increased fruit anthocyanins, polyphenols and citrate concentrations by 41.7%, 14.7% and 8.2% in the early season, respectively, and increased single fruit mass by 8.8% in the late season. Furthermore, the Si enhanced the leaf GOGAT activity and glutamate concentration by 56.3% and 25.8%, respectively. The FISiLED and DIWLED had comparable advantages in elevating the fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenols and ascorbate concentrations in both seasons. Therefore, the silicate spray combined with supplemental lighting was recommended for growers to produce high quality strawberry fruit, and the deficit irrigation could be incorporated for the purpose of water conservation. The influence of supplemental light on the nitrogen metabolizing cycle and the carbohydrates transportation when the plants subjected to silicate spray or drought stress deserve further study.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Light treatment increased fruit polyphenols by 15.5%.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Light treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit polyphenolse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 15.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The Light treatment significantly elevated fruit polyphenols by 15.5% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Light treatment increased fruit total sugar by 10.0%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Light treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit total sugare0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 10.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“elevated fruit total sugar, glucose and fructose concentrations by 10.0%, 10.9% and 10.2% in the late season”
e1“The Light treatment significantly elevated fruit polyphenols by 15.5% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Light treatment increased glucose by 10.9%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Light treatmente1
- Outcome
- glucosee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 10.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“elevated fruit total sugar, glucose and fructose concentrations by 10.0%, 10.9% and 10.2% in the late season”
e1“The Light treatment significantly elevated fruit polyphenols by 15.5% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Light treatment increased fructose concentrations by 10.2%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Light treatmente1
- Outcome
- fructose concentrationse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“elevated fruit total sugar, glucose and fructose concentrations by 10.0%, 10.9% and 10.2% in the late season”
e1“The Light treatment significantly elevated fruit polyphenols by 15.5% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
DI increased fruit anthocyanins concentration by 25%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DIe0
- Outcome
- fruit anthocyanins concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The DI increased fruit anthocyanins concentration by 25% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
DI increased fruit glutamate concentration by 12.3%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DIe1
- Outcome
- fruit glutamate concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“increased fruit glutamate concentration by 12.3% in the late season”
e1“The DI increased fruit anthocyanins concentration by 25% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased fruit anthocyanins by 41.7%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- fruit anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The Si increased fruit anthocyanins, polyphenols and citrate concentrations by 41.7%, 14.7% and 8.2% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased polyphenols by 14.7%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- polyphenolse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The Si increased fruit anthocyanins, polyphenols and citrate concentrations by 41.7%, 14.7% and 8.2% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased citrate concentrations by 8.2%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- citrate concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The Si increased fruit anthocyanins, polyphenols and citrate concentrations by 41.7%, 14.7% and 8.2% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased single fruit mass by 8.8%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- single fruit masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“increased single fruit mass by 8.8% in the late season”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased leaf GOGAT activity by 56.3%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- leaf GOGAT activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 56.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“the Si enhanced the leaf GOGAT activity and glutamate concentration by 56.3% and 25.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Si increased glutamate concentration by 25.8%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- glutamate concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 25.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“the Si enhanced the leaf GOGAT activity and glutamate concentration by 56.3% and 25.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FISiLED raised fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenols and ascorbate concentrations in both seasons.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FISiLEDe0
- Outcome
- fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenolse0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The FISiLED and DIWLED had comparable advantages in elevating the fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenols and ascorbate concentrations in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
DIWLED raised fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenols and ascorbate concentrations in both seasons.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DIWLEDe0
- Outcome
- fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenolse0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The FISiLED and DIWLED had comparable advantages in elevating the fruit glucose, fructose, polyphenols and ascorbate concentrations in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend silicate spray with supplemental lighting to produce high quality strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- produce high quality strawberry fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“the silicate spray combined with supplemental lighting was recommended for growers to produce high quality strawberry fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend deficit irrigation for water conservation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- deficit irrigation could be incorporated for the purpose of water conservatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“the deficit irrigation could be incorporated for the purpose of water conservation”
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