Abstract
Abstract Soil compaction has caused negative impacts on soybean productivity due to the excessive use of machinery and heavy agricultural implements in the cultivation areas. Effects of two levels of soil compaction were investigated on 60 soybean genotypes in a field experiment. Soil properties, weather conditions in the region and changes in agronomic characteristics of the crop were evaluated. The genotypes were divided into three groups according to the relative maturity group (RMG) and classified according to stress susceptibility. Compaction increased soil density and soil mechanical resistance to penetration, varying according to the registered rainfall regime. The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants. However, there was a reduction in the relative growth rate (RCR), in the number of pods (NP), and in grain yield (PROD). From the calculation of the stress susceptibility index (SSI) it was possible to identify tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes to soil compaction stress. SSI and the relative trait change index (RTC) indicated the responses that the tolerant genotypes present under conditions of high mechanical impedance. Therefore, soil compaction provides greater seedling emergence and vegetative growth, but significant losses in soybean yield. Soil compaction‐tolerant genotypes show smaller reductions in relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, final height, number of pods, and grain yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Compaction increased soil density and penetration resistance, varying with rainfall.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Compactione0
- Outcome
- soil density and soil mechanical resistance to penetratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- varying according to the registered rainfall regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compaction increased soil density and soil mechanical resistance to penetration, varying according to the registered rainfall regime.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased seedling emergence (EME).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- compactione0
- Outcome
- seedling emergence (EME)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased initial height (IH).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- compactione0
- Outcome
- initial height (IH)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased number of nodes (NN).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- compactione0
- Outcome
- number of nodes (NN)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased shoot dry matter (SDM).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- compactione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter (SDM)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased final height (FH).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- compactione0
- Outcome
- final height (FH)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction reduced relative growth rate (RCR).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil compactione1
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RCR)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was a reduction in the relative growth rate (RCR), in the number of pods (NP), and in grain yield (PROD).”
t0“soybean”
e1“soil compaction stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction reduced number of pods (NP).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil compactione1
- Outcome
- number of pods (NP)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was a reduction in the relative growth rate (RCR), in the number of pods (NP), and in grain yield (PROD).”
t0“soybean”
e1“soil compaction stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction reduced grain yield (PROD).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil compactione1
- Outcome
- grain yield (PROD)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was a reduction in the relative growth rate (RCR), in the number of pods (NP), and in grain yield (PROD).”
t0“soybean”
e1“soil compaction stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress susceptibility indices identified tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the calculation of the stress susceptibility index (SSI) it was possible to identify tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes to soil compaction stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
SSI and RTC indicated tolerant genotype responses under high mechanical impedance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- responses that the tolerant genotypes presente0
- Qualifier
- high mechanical impedancee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSI and the relative trait change index (RTC) indicated the responses that the tolerant genotypes present under conditions of high mechanical impedance.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compaction-tolerant genotypes had smaller losses in growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, final heighte0
- Direction
- smaller reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil compaction‐tolerant genotypes show smaller reductions in relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, final height, number of pods, and grain yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compaction-tolerant genotypes had smaller losses in pod number and grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- number of pods, and grain yielde0
- Direction
- smaller reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil compaction‐tolerant genotypes show smaller reductions in relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, final height, number of pods, and grain yield.”
t0“soybean”
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