Abstract
BACKGROUND: Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is used in West African ethnomedicine for the treatment of conditions including ulcers, malaria and wounds. Despite its widespread use, the phytochemical profile of TI remains largely undetermined. This research investigated the effects of extraction method, season, and storage conditions on the phytochemical composition of TI to contribute towards understanding the potential benefits. METHODS: TI bark was collected in September 2014, September 2018 and February 2018 during the rainy or dry seasons in Eastern Region, Ghana. Samples were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) or using water (traditional). Metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and compared statistically by ANOVA. RESULTS: A total of 82 different phytochemicals were identified across all samples. A greater yield of the major phytochemicals (44%, p < 0.05) was obtained by water as compared with organic extraction. There was also a higher concentration of metabolites present in cold (63%, p < 0.05) compared with hot water extraction. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of phytochemicals were identified from TI collected in the dry (85%) compared to the rainy season (69%). TI bark stored for four years retained 84% of the major phytochemicals. CONCLUSION: This work provides important information on composition and how this is modified by growing conditions, storage and method of extraction informing progress on the development of TI as a prophylactic formulation or medicine.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Eighty two phytochemicals were identified across samples.
- Taxon
- Terminalia ivorensisTerminalia ivorensist0
- Outcome
- different phytochemicalse0
- Value
- 82 different phytochemicalse0
Verbatim
e0“A total of 82 different phytochemicals were identified across all samples.”
t0“Terminalia ivorensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Water extraction yielded more major phytochemicals than organic extraction.
Verbatim
e0“A greater yield of the major phytochemicals (44%, p < 0.05) was obtained by water as compared with organic extraction.”
t0“Terminalia ivorensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold water extraction gave higher metabolite concentration than hot water extraction.
Verbatim
e0“higher concentration of metabolites present in cold (63%, p < 0.05) compared with hot water extraction”
t0“Terminalia ivorensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry season collection identified more phytochemicals than rainy season collection.
Verbatim
e0“higher number of phytochemicals were identified from TI collected in the dry (85%) compared to the rainy season (69%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bark stored four years retained 84% of major phytochemicals.
Verbatim
e0“TI bark stored for four years retained 84% of the major phytochemicals.”