Abstract
Summary Little is known about long‐distance mesophyll‐driven signals that regulate stomatal conductance. Soluble and/or vapor‐phase molecules have been proposed. In this study, the involvement of the gaseous signal ethylene in the modulation of stomatal conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana by CO 2 /abscisic acid (ABA) was examined. We present a diffusion model which indicates that gaseous signaling molecule/s with a shorter/direct diffusion pathway to guard cells are more probable for rapid mesophyll‐dependent stomatal conductance changes. We, therefore, analyzed different Arabidopsis ethylene‐signaling and biosynthesis mutants for their ethylene production and kinetics of stomatal responses to ABA/[CO 2 ]‐shifts. According to our research, higher [CO 2 ] causes Arabidopsis rosettes to produce more ethylene. An ACC‐synthase octuple mutant with reduced ethylene biosynthesis exhibits dysfunctional CO 2 ‐induced stomatal movements. Ethylene‐insensitive receptor (gain‐of‐function), etr1‐1 and etr2‐1 , and signaling, ein2‐5 and ein2‐1 , mutants showed intact stomatal responses to [CO 2 ]‐shifts, whereas loss‐of‐function ethylene receptor mutants, including etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3 , etr1‐6;etr2‐3 and etr1‐6 , showed markedly accelerated stomatal responses to [CO 2 ]‐shifts. Further investigation revealed a significantly impaired stomatal closure to ABA in the ACC‐synthase octuple mutant and accelerated stomatal responses in the etr1‐6;etr2‐3 , and etr1‐6 , but not in the etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3 mutants. These findings suggest essential functions of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling components in tuning/accelerating stomatal conductance responses to CO 2 and ABA.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A diffusion model favored a shorter direct gas diffusion route for rapid mesophyll dependent stomatal responses.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Outcome
- rapid mesophyll‐dependent stomatal conductance changese0
- Comparator
- shorter/direct diffusion pathway to guard cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“gaseous signaling molecule/s with a shorter/direct diffusion pathway to guard cells are more probable for rapid mesophyll‐dependent stomatal conductance changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 increased ethylene production in Arabidopsis rosettes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- rosettese0
- Treatment
- higher [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- ethylenee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“higher [CO 2 ] causes Arabidopsis rosettes to produce more ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced ethylene biosynthesis in the ACC synthase octuple mutant disrupted CO2 induced stomatal movement.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ACC‐synthase octuple mutante0
- Gene
- ACC‐synthasee0
- Outcome
- dysfunctional CO 2 ‐induced stomatal movementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“An ACC‐synthase octuple mutant with reduced ethylene biosynthesis exhibits dysfunctional CO 2 ‐induced stomatal movements”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene insensitive receptor and signaling mutants retained stomatal responses to CO2 shifts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- etr1‐1 and etr2‐1e0
- Outcome
- intact stomatal responses to [CO 2 ]‐shiftse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Ethylene‐insensitive receptor (gain‐of‐function), etr1‐1 and etr2‐1 , and signaling, ein2‐5 and ein2‐1 , mutants showed intact stomatal responses to [CO 2 ]‐shifts”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of function ethylene receptor mutants had accelerated stomatal responses to CO2 shifts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- loss‐of‐function ethylene receptor mutantse0
- Outcome
- stomatal responses to [CO 2 ]‐shiftse0
- Direction
- markedly acceleratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“loss‐of‐function ethylene receptor mutants, including etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3 , etr1‐6;etr2‐3 and etr1‐6 , showed markedly accelerated stomatal responses to [CO 2 ]‐shifts”
Claim · model-written summary
The ACC synthase octuple mutant had impaired ABA induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ACC‐synthase octuple mutante0
- Outcome
- stomatal closure to ABAe0
- Direction
- impairede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“significantly impaired stomatal closure to ABA in the ACC‐synthase octuple mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The etr1 receptor mutants accelerated ABA stomatal responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- etr1‐6;etr2‐3e0
- Outcome
- stomatal responsese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“accelerated stomatal responses in the etr1‐6;etr2‐3 , and etr1‐6 , but not in the etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
The triple receptor mutant did not show accelerated ABA stomatal responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3e0
- Outcome
- accelerated stomatal responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“but not in the etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3 mutants”
e1“accelerated stomatal responses in the etr1‐6;etr2‐3 , and etr1‐6 , but not in the etr2‐3;ein4‐4;ers2‐3 mutants”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: hormones · ArabidopsisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.