Abstract
Introduction: Approximately 50% of irrigation water is saved during drip-irrigation of rice, which has tremendous potential for water-saving agriculture, particularly in areas where water resources are scarce. However, the grain yield and quality of drip-irrigated rice are adversely affected. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of different irrigation strategies on the grain yield and quality of drip-irrigated rice using field experiments. Four irrigation treatments were studied: whole growing season flooding (FI), whole growing season normal drip irrigation (DI, soil relative moisture (RSM) was maintained in the range of 90-100%), pre-anthesis drip irrigation and post-anthesis water stress (SAF, the RSM was maintained in the range of 80-90% after anthesis), pre-anthesis drip irrigation, and post-anthesis flooding (FAF). Results: The results showed that grain yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight in DI and SAF were significantly lower than in FI and FAF. These parameters were not significantly different between FI and FAF but were significantly greater in DI than in SAF. Compared with FI and FAF, the source capacity, source activity time, and sink activity of DI and SAF decreased, and the sink-source difference increased. The sink-source difference had a significant negative correlation with rice yield and 1000 grain weight. The activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme, and amylopectin content in grains in the middle panicles of FAF were significantly higher than those of DI and SAF. SAF resulted in increased amylose/amylopectin ratio and total protein content in grains but decreased proportion of glutenin in total protein. Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice. Discussion: This study highlights that post-anthesis sufficient irrigation of drip-irrigated rice plays a positive role in maintaining the source-sink balance. This study serves as a foundation for the development of more effective rice farming methods that conserve water, while increasing the grain yield and quality of drip-irrigated rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
grain yield was lower under DI and SAF than under FI and FAF.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- DI and SAFe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- FI and FAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight in DI and SAF were significantly lower than in FI and FAF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
harvest index was lower under DI and SAF than under FI and FAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI and SAFe0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- FI and FAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight in DI and SAF were significantly lower than in FI and FAF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
seed setting rate was lower under DI and SAF than under FI and FAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI and SAFe0
- Outcome
- seed setting ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- FI and FAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight in DI and SAF were significantly lower than in FI and FAF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
1000 grain weight was lower under DI and SAF than under FI and FAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI and SAFe0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- FI and FAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, harvest index, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight in DI and SAF were significantly lower than in FI and FAF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These yield components did not differ significantly between FI and FAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FAFe0
- Outcome
- These parameterse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- FIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These parameters were not significantly different between FI and FAF but were significantly greater in DI than in SAF.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
These yield components were greater under DI than SAF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These parameters were not significantly different between FI and FAF but were significantly greater in DI than in SAF.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
DI and SAF reduced source capacity, source activity time and sink activity relative to FI and FAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI and SAFe0
- Outcome
- source capacity, source activity time, and sink activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- FI and FAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with FI and FAF, the source capacity, source activity time, and sink activity of DI and SAF decreased, and the sink-source difference increased.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DI and SAF increased the sink-source difference.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI and SAFe0
- Outcome
- sink-source differencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- FI and FAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with FI and FAF, the source capacity, source activity time, and sink activity of DI and SAF decreased, and the sink-source difference increased.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sink-source difference correlated negatively with yield and grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- rice yield and 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Qualifier
- sink-source differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sink-source difference had a significant negative correlation with rice yield and 1000 grain weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
FAF increased the two enzyme activities relative to DI and SAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grains in the middle paniclese0
- Treatment
- FAFe0
- Outcome
- activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzymee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- DI and SAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme, and amylopectin content in grains in the middle panicles of FAF were significantly higher than those of DI and SAF.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
FAF increased amylopectin content relative to DI and SAF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grains in the middle paniclese0
- Treatment
- FAFe0
- Outcome
- amylopectin contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- DI and SAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme, and amylopectin content in grains in the middle panicles of FAF were significantly higher than those of DI and SAF.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SAF increased amylose/amylopectin ratio and grain protein content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- SAFe0
- Outcome
- amylose/amylopectin ratio and total protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAF resulted in increased amylose/amylopectin ratio and total protein content in grains but decreased proportion of glutenin in total protein.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SAF decreased the glutenin proportion of total protein.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SAFe0
- Outcome
- proportion of glutenin in total proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAF resulted in increased amylose/amylopectin ratio and total protein content in grains but decreased proportion of glutenin in total protein.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis irrigation narrowed the sink-source difference.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Irrigation after anthesise0
- Outcome
- difference between sink sourcese0
- Direction
- narrowede0
- Comparator
- DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis irrigation increased grain yield 29.2% relative to DI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Irrigation after anthesise0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.2%e0
- Comparator
- DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis irrigation increased harvest index 11% relative to DI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Irrigation after anthesise0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis irrigation increased water productivity 19% relative to FI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Irrigation after anthesise0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- FIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis irrigation improved grain quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Irrigation after anthesise0
- Outcome
- grain qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation after anthesis of drip-irrigated rice narrowed the difference between sink sources in rice plants, increased the grain yield and harvest index by 29.2% and 11%, respectively, compared to DI, increased water productivity by 19% compared to FI, and improved the grain quality of drip-irrigated rice.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: grain · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →irrigation · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
349 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
376 papers more in this group
See all 380 papers →irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 201 in the opposite direction · 64 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
1,167 papers more in this group
See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.