Abstract
The objectives of this field experiment were to study the growth characteristics and yield potential of rice plants under non-flooded irrigation in arid area. Non-flooded treatments included drip irrigation with plastic mulching treatments (DIs), furrow irrigation with plastic mulching treatment (FIM) and furrow irrigation with non-mulching treatment (FIN). Conventional flooded cultivation (F) was check treatment (CK). The four drip irrigation treatments differed in the amount of water applied before and after panicle initiation. Root length density, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight and root activity were generally higher in the non-flood-irrigated treatments (especially the drip-irrigated treatments) than in the flood-irrigated treatment at mid-tillering. However, the growth and development of rice plants were limited after jointing in the non-flooded irrigation treatments. Increasing the root/shoot ratio and root length density in the 20–40 cm depth and decreasing specific root length at 0–20 cm soil layer were important mechanisms for helping the rice plants to adapt to the non-flooded environmental stresses. Finally, the grain yield in the non-flooded irrigation treatments was lower than that in the F treatment. These low yields were mainly attributed to the low root length density at 0–20 cm depth and root activity. Generally speaking, the restricted degrees in the DIs were smaller than that in the FIM and FIN treatments. Among the DIs, both the highest grain yield (8223–8900 kg ha−1) and the highest water use efficiency (WUE) (0.63) were observed when the soil water content was kept at −30 kPa before panicle initiation and at −15 kPa after panicle initiation (referred to as the DI2 treatment). The yield in the DI2 treatment was not significantly different than that in the flood-irrigated treatment. However, WUE was 2.5 times higher in the DI2 treatment than in the F treatment. These results suggest that drip irrigation technology can be considered as a better water-saving cultivation of rice plants in arid region.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Non-flooded irrigation raised early root length density, leaf and shoot dry weights, and root activity relative to flooded irrigation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- non-flood-irrigated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Root length density, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight and root activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at mid-tilleringe0
- Comparator
- flood-irrigated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“Root length density, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight and root activity were generally higher in the non-flood-irrigated treatments (especially the drip-irrigated treatments) than in the flood-irrigated treatment at mid-tillering.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-flooded irrigation limited rice growth and development after jointing.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- non-flooded irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Qualifier
- after jointinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“growth and development of rice plants were limited after jointing in the non-flooded irrigation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-flooded irrigation produced lower grain yield than flooded cultivation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- non-flooded irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- F treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“grain yield in the non-flooded irrigation treatments was lower than that in the F treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
DI2 produced the highest grain yield among drip regimes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8223–8900 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“highest grain yield (8223–8900 kg ha−1)”
e1“referred to as the DI2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
DI2 produced the highest water use efficiency among drip regimes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.63e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“highest water use efficiency (WUE) (0.63)”
e1“referred to as the DI2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
DI2 yield did not differ significantly from flooded irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- flood-irrigated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“yield in the DI2 treatment was not significantly different than that in the flood-irrigated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
DI2 water use efficiency was 2.5 times that of flooded irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DI2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.5 timese0
- Comparator
- F treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e0“WUE was 2.5 times higher in the DI2 treatment than in the F treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation is proposed as a water-saving rice cultivation practice in arid regions.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- drip irrigation technologye0
- Outcome
- better water-saving cultivatione0
- Setting
- arid regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drip irrigation technology can be considered as a better water-saving cultivation of rice plants in arid region”
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