Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are typical root endophytes with the ability to enhance plant growth and tolerance to heavy metals, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of a DSE strain, Exophiala pisciphila , in mitigating cadmium (Cd, 20 mg/kg) toxicity in maize were investigated. Our results showed, under Cd stress, E. pisciphila inoculation enhanced the biomass of maize and reduced both inorganic and soluble forms of Cd (high toxicity) by 52.6% in maize leaves, which may be potentially contributing to Cd toxicity mitigation. Besides, E. pisciphila inoculation significantly affected the expression of genes involved in the signal transduction and polar transport of phytohormone, and then affected abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents in maize roots, which was the main reason for promoting maize growth. In addition, E. pisciphila also made a 27% increase in lignin content by regulating the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of it, which was beneficial to hinder the transport of Cd. In addition, E. pisciphila inoculation also activated glutathione metabolism by the up-regulation of genes related to glutathione S-transferase. This study helps to elucidate the functions of E. pisciphila under Cd stress, sheds light on the mechanism of detoxifying Cd and provides new insights into the protection of crops from heavy metals.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisciphila inoculation enhanced maize biomass under Cd stress.
- Treatment
- E. pisciphila inoculatione0
- Interactor
- E. pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under Cd stress, E. pisciphila inoculation enhanced the biomass of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisciphila inoculation reduced high-toxicity inorganic and soluble Cd forms by 52.6% in maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- E. pisciphila inoculatione0
- Interactor
- E. pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- inorganic and soluble forms of Cde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. pisciphila inoculation enhanced the biomass of maize and reduced both inorganic and soluble forms of Cd (high toxicity) by 52.6% in maize leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisciphila inoculation significantly changed expression of genes for phytohormone signaling and polar transport.
- Treatment
- E. pisciphila inoculatione0
- Interactor
- E. pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in the signal transduction and polar transport of phytohormonee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. pisciphila inoculation significantly affected the expression of genes involved in the signal transduction and polar transport of phytohormone”
t0“promotes maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisciphila inoculation altered ABA and IAA contents in maize roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- E. pisciphila inoculatione0
- Interactor
- E. pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. pisciphila inoculation significantly affected the expression of genes involved in the signal transduction and polar transport of phytohormone, and then affected abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents in maize roots”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisciphila increased maize lignin content by 27%.
- Treatment
- E. pisciphilae0
- Interactor
- E. pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- lignin contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. pisciphila also made a 27% increase in lignin content”
t0“promotes maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the lignin increase to regulation of lignin-synthesis gene expression.
- Interactor
- Exophiala pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilat0symbiont
- Gene
- genes involved in the synthesis of ite0
- Outcome
- lignin contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in lignin content by regulating the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of it”
t0“Exophiala pisciphila promotes maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increased lignin hinders Cd transport.
- Interactor
- Exophiala pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilat0symbiont
- Outcome
- transport of Cde0
- Qualifier
- increase in lignin contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in lignin content by regulating the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of it, which was beneficial to hinder the transport of Cd”
t0“Exophiala pisciphila promotes maize growth”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisciphila inoculation activated glutathione metabolism through up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase-related genes.
- Treatment
- E. pisciphila inoculatione0
- Interactor
- E. pisciphilaExophiala pisciphilae0symbiont
- Gene
- genes related to glutathione S-transferasee0
- Outcome
- glutathione metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. pisciphila inoculation also activated glutathione metabolism by the up-regulation of genes related to glutathione S-transferase”
t0“promotes maize growth”
The same questions in other papers
Exophiala pisciphila · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 699 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.