Abstract
The authors carried out a scientific study from 1990 to 2022 on 20 varieties of potatoes to study the pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia in crop production conditions and substantiate the methods of the system of protection against the disease. The fungus R. Solani persists annually in the soil and on seed tubers in the form of mycelium and sclerotia. It was found that more than 60% of the grounds of potato agroecosystems have the content of the causative agent of Rhizoctonia is many times higher than the established ETH (Economic threshold of harmfulness). Furthermore, monitoring of the phytosanitary state of potato seed material showed that, on average, about 60% of the tubers are inhabited by the causative agent of Rhizoctonia, including about 30% of the sclerotial form, which is six times higher than the phytosanitary regulations. Thus, in the region’s conditions, a double mechanism of phytopathogen transmission is provided annually. The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts, subsequently causing their complete death (on average 12%) and shootouts, reducing the density of productive plants in crop plantings. At subsequent stages of growth and development of potatoes, significant expansion of the disease on the stems was noted (on average 31.4%), and stolons were damaged and died (9.3 and 5.5%, respectively), which disrupted the processes of stolon and tuberization. In the region’s conditions, Rhizoctonia occurs in the form of epiphytotic with a prevalence of 88% or more. Therefore, the potato protection strategy against Rhizoctonia should be based on methods that reduce the initial population density of the R. Solani fungus in the soils of agroecosystems and on seed tubers. Essential elements of potato cultivation technology are cropping rotation with a saturation of no more than 30% (biological efficiency - 43.2–79.5%); phytosanitary precursor, including green manure pairs (biological efficiency - 49.0–75.9%); mandatory etching with chemical preparations (biological efficiency - 54.9–98.8%) or natural origin. Using entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Baeuveria bassiana can be a promising direction in reducing Rhizoctonia. Dressing seed tubers with conidia of entomopathogenic fungi suppressed the development of the disease in potato plantings by 1.8–3.7%, providing an increase in yield by 12.1–19.2%. The study of the influence of Metarhizium robertsii and Baeuveria bassiana on the pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia will be continued.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
R. Solani persists annually in soil and potato seed tubers as mycelium and sclerotia.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
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Rhizoctoniae1pathogen - Outcome
- persists annually in the soil and on seed tubers in the form of mycelium and sclerotiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The fungus R. Solani persists annually in the soil and on seed tubers in the form of mycelium and sclerotia.”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 60% of potato agroecosystem grounds had Rhizoctonia agent content above the economic threshold.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae0pathogen
- Outcome
- content of the causative agent of Rhizoctoniae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- more than 60%e0
- Comparator
- established ETH (Economic threshold of harmfulness)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 60% of the grounds of potato agroecosystems have the content of the causative agent of Rhizoctonia is many times higher than the established ETH (Economic threshold of harmfulness)”
Claim · model-written summary
About 60% of potato tubers carried the Rhizoctonia agent.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae0pathogen
- Outcome
- tubers are inhabited by the causative agent of Rhizoctoniae0
- Value
- about 60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 60% of the tubers are inhabited by the causative agent of Rhizoctonia”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
About 30% of potato tubers carried the sclerotial form, six times the phytosanitary regulation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- sclerotial forme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- about 30%e0
- Qualifier
- six times highere0
- Comparator
- phytosanitary regulationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“including about 30% of the sclerotial form, which is six times higher than the phytosanitary regulations”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia caused death of an average 12% of potato sprouts.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- sproutse2
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- complete deathe0
- Value
- on average 12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causing their complete death (on average 12%)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
e2“potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia reduced potato productive plant density.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- density of productive plantse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the density of productive plants in crop plantings”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia disease expanded on potato stems, averaging 31.4%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease on the stemse0
- Direction
- expansione0
- Value
- on average 31.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant expansion of the disease on the stems was noted (on average 31.4%)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato stolons were damaged at 9.3%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- stolonse0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- stolons were damagede0
- Value
- 9.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stolons were damaged and died (9.3 and 5.5%, respectively)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato stolon mortality was 5.5%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- stolonse0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- stolons were damaged and diede0
- Value
- 5.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stolons were damaged and died (9.3 and 5.5%, respectively)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia occurred epiphytotically with prevalence of at least 88%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Rhizoctonia occurs in the form of epiphytotice0
- Value
- 88% or moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia occurs in the form of epiphytotic with a prevalence of 88% or more”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
cropping rotation with a saturation of no more than 30% had biological efficiency 43.2–79.5%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- cropping rotation with a saturation of no more than 30%e0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- biological efficiencye0
- Value
- 43.2–79.5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cropping rotation with a saturation of no more than 30% (biological efficiency - 43.2–79.5%)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
phytosanitary precursor, including green manure pairs had biological efficiency 49.0–75.9%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- phytosanitary precursor, including green manure pairse0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- biological efficiencye0
- Value
- 49.0–75.9%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytosanitary precursor, including green manure pairs (biological efficiency - 49.0–75.9%)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
etching with chemical preparations had biological efficiency 54.9–98.8%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- etching with chemical preparationse0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- biological efficiencye0
- Value
- 54.9–98.8%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mandatory etching with chemical preparations (biological efficiency - 54.9–98.8%)”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed tuber dressing with entomopathogenic fungal conidia suppressed Rhizoctonia development by 1.8–3.7%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Dressing seed tubers with conidia of entomopathogenic fungie0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- development of the diseasee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 1.8–3.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dressing seed tubers with conidia of entomopathogenic fungi suppressed the development of the disease in potato plantings by 1.8–3.7%”
t0“potato”
e1“The causative agent of Rhizoctonia infects potato sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed tuber dressing with entomopathogenic fungal conidia increased potato yield by 12.1–19.2%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Dressing seed tubers with conidia of entomopathogenic fungie1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12.1–19.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“providing an increase in yield by 12.1–19.2%”
t0“potato”
e1“Dressing seed tubers with conidia of entomopathogenic fungi”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →fertilization · Rhizoctonia · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
rotation · Rhizoctonia · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biocontrol · Rhizoctonia · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.