Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease, race 3 biovar 2A, is a devastating disease of potato and other important solanaceous crops, with no chemical control method. The current studies were, therefore, undertaken to assess the efficacy of biocontrol agent (BCA) and organic amendments to manage bacterial wilt (BW) of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, under controlled conditions. The present studies evaluated disease severity, latent infection, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) root colonization and tuber number and weight on two potato cultivars upon inoculation with AMF, rhizobacteria in various combinations and organic amendments which included poultry manure, cow manure and compost. Disease severity was more pronounced in CIP 381381.13 (Tigoni) than in CIP 387164.4 (Clone). Glomus intradices + Bacillus spp. and G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp. for both cultivars and for the Clone, G. intradices + Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. + Bacillus spp. + Azoctobacter spp. had area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of zero. These were also the treatments with the highest AMF root colonization ranging from 50-36 compared to the controls with zero AMF root colonization and also tested negative for latent infection test except for G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp. in Tigoni. Poultry manure had AUDPC of 33 and 42 in Tigoni and clone, respectively compared with cow manure with 56 and 43 and compost with 54 and 42 in Tigoni and clone. A repeat of the trial involving the promising treatments, however, had all treatments having BW infected tubers. There was no significant difference (P0.05) in tuber number and weight in the BCA treatments with half fertilizer application and complete fertilized control. Mycorrhizal root colonization ranged from 23-49% in AMF inoculated treatments while no colonization was observed in the controls. The BCAs were effective as biocontrols against bacterial wilt even in the susceptible cultivar. More studies especially under field conditions are needed to further determine the response of the BCAs and organic amendments under different soil conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial wilt disease was more severe in Tigoni than Clone potato.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Material
- CIP 381381.13 (Tigoni)e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogent1 - Outcome
- Disease severitye0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- CIP 387164.4 (Clone)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity was more pronounced in CIP 381381.13 (Tigoni) than in CIP 387164.4 (Clone)”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus intradices plus Bacillus treatments yielded zero AUDPC in both potato cultivars.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Glomus intradices + Bacillus spp.e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Second interactor
- Glomus intradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
- Value
- zeroe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glomus intradices + Bacillus spp. and G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp. for both cultivars and for the Clone, G. intradices + Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. + Bacillus spp. + Azoctobacter spp. had area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of zero”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
G. etunicatum plus Bacillus treatments yielded zero AUDPC in both potato cultivars.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp.e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Second interactor
- G. etunicatume0symbiont
- Outcome
- AUDPCe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp. for both cultivars”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
e2“area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)”
Claim · model-written summary
G. intradices plus Pseudomonas yielded zero AUDPC in Clone potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Clonee0
- Treatment
- G. intradices + Pseudomonas spp.e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Second interactor
- G. intradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
- Value
- zeroe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for the Clone, G. intradices + Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. + Bacillus spp. + Azoctobacter spp. had area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of zero”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Azoctobacter treatment yielded zero AUDPC in Clone potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas spp. + Bacillus spp. + Azoctobacter spp.e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.
Pseudomonase0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
- Value
- zeroe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas spp. + Bacillus spp. + Azoctobacter spp. had area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of zero”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments with zero AUDPC also had the highest AMF root colonization, ranging from 50-36 versus zero in controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF root colonizatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 50-36e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest AMF root colonization ranging from 50-36 compared to the controls with zero AMF root colonization”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
The leading treatments tested negative for latent infection except G. etunicatum plus Bacillus in Tigoni.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Outcome
- negative for latent infection teste0
- Qualifier
- except for G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp. in Tigonie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested negative for latent infection test except for G. etunicatum + Bacillus spp. in Tigoni”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure gave AUDPC of 33 in Tigoni and 42 in Clone.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Tigoni and clonee0
- Treatment
- Poultry manuree0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Outcome
- AUDPCe0
- Value
- 33 and 42e0
- Comparator
- cow manuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry manure had AUDPC of 33 and 42 in Tigoni and clone, respectively compared with cow manure with 56 and 43 and compost with 54 and 42 in Tigoni and clone”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments in the repeat trial had bacterial wilt infected tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- tuberse0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogent1
- Outcome
- BW infected tuberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments having BW infected tubers”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
BCA treatments with half fertilizer did not differ significantly from the fully fertilized control in tuber number and weight.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BCA treatments with half fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- tuber number and weighte0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- complete fertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference (P0.05) in tuber number and weight in the BCA treatments with half fertilizer application and complete fertilized control”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculated potato treatments had 23-49% mycorrhizal root colonization while controls had none.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculated treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Mycorrhizal root colonizatione0
- Value
- 23-49%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal root colonization ranged from 23-49% in AMF inoculated treatments while no colonization was observed in the controls”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
t1“potato (Solanum tuberosum)”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
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