Abstract
Abstract Background Application of chemical bactericides, for controlling soft rot bacteria, causes environmental pollution and toxic hazards to human. In addition, it is ineffective, expensive, and limited. Therefore, application of bio-control agents, plant extracts, or safe chemicals may play an important role as safe alternative approaches for controlling phyto-pathogenic bacteria. Objective This work is aimed to apply bio-control agents ( Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus pumilus , Trichoderma harzianum , and Trichoderma virens ), aqueous plant extracts (lantana flowers and leaves, lemongrass leaves, and olive cake), and citric acid as pre-sowing treatment for controlling bacterial soft rot pathogen and study their ability for improving yield and quality of potato tubers in field and storage. All treatments were applied as soil treatment and/or foliar spray, except citric acid applied as foliar spray only. Results The cultural filtrates of bio-control agents of B. subtilis , B. pumilus , T. harzianum , and T. virens ; aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application, except lemongrass (as soil treatment). The bio-control agents highly increased the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and chitinase enzymes, than other treatments. The bio-control agents also improved the shoot parameters, viz, shoot length, number of shoots/pit, and number of leaves/pit and yield parameters, viz, tuber weight/pit, tubers number/pit, and total tubers weight/pit, compared to citric acid and plant extracts, respectively. The treatments as foliar spray have good results for protecting the potato tubers through storage, than soil treatment. The treatments highly enhanced the stored potato tubers quality, viz, dry matter, reducing sugars, total carbohydrates, specific gravity, and starch content. Conclusions The tested treatments could protect the potato tubers in field and/or storage against soften development. The treatments could improve the plant growth and yield parameters in field as well as enhanced the stored potato tubers quality and increase the stored time. It is clear that the treatments can be applied as pre-sowing treatment for controlling Erwinia soft rot bacteria.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cultural filtrates of B. subtilis protected potato tubers from bacterial soft rot in the field.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- bacterial soft rote0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
- Setting
- field applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural filtrates of bio-control agents of B. subtilis , B. pumilus , T. harzianum , and T. virens ; aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application, except lemongrass (as soil treatment).”
Claim · model-written summary
B. pumilus filtrate protected potato tubers against bacterial soft rot in the field.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- B. pumiluse0
- Interactor
- bacterial soft rote0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. pumilusBacillus pumiluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural filtrates of bio-control agents of B. subtilis , B. pumilus , T. harzianum , and T. virens ; aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application, except lemongrass (as soil treatment).”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate protected potato tubers against bacterial soft rot in the field.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- bacterial soft rote0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural filtrates of bio-control agents of B. subtilis , B. pumilus , T. harzianum , and T. virens ; aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application, except lemongrass (as soil treatment).”
Claim · model-written summary
T. virens filtrate protected potato tubers against bacterial soft rot in the field.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- T. virense0
- Interactor
- bacterial soft rote0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virensTrichoderma virense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural filtrates of bio-control agents of B. subtilis , B. pumilus , T. harzianum , and T. virens ; aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application, except lemongrass (as soil treatment).”
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana extract protected potato tubers against soft rot.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- lantanae0
- Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemongrass extract protected potato tubers against soft rot except as a soil treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- lemongrasse0
- Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
- Qualifier
- except lemongrass (as soil treatment)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application, except lemongrass (as soil treatment).”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive cake extract protected potato tubers against soft rot.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- olive cakee0
- Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid protected potato tubers against soft rot.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- citric acide0
- Outcome
- bacterial soft rot diseasee0
- Direction
- protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous plant extracts of lantana, lemongrass, and olive cake; and citric acid could protect daughter potato tubers against bacterial soft rot disease in field application”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents increased peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and chitinase activities more than other treatments.
- Taxon
- Solanum tuberosum L.Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- bio-control agentse0
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and chitinase enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-control agents highly increased the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and chitinase enzymes, than other treatments.”
t0“Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Diamond”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents improved potato shoot length, shoots per pit and leaves per pit versus citric acid and plant extracts.
- Taxon
- Solanum tuberosum L.Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- bio-control agentse0
- Outcome
- shoot length, number of shoots/pit, and number of leaves/pite0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- citric acid and plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-control agents also improved the shoot parameters, viz, shoot length, number of shoots/pit, and number of leaves/pit and yield parameters, viz, tuber weight/pit, tubers number/pit, and total tubers weight/pit, compared to citric acid and plant extracts, respectively.”
t0“Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Diamond”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents improved tuber weight, tuber number and total tuber weight per pit.
- Taxon
- Solanum tuberosum L.Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- bio-control agentse0
- Outcome
- tuber weight/pit, tubers number/pit, and total tubers weight/pite0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- citric acid and plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-control agents also improved the shoot parameters, viz, shoot length, number of shoots/pit, and number of leaves/pit and yield parameters, viz, tuber weight/pit, tubers number/pit, and total tubers weight/pit, compared to citric acid and plant extracts, respectively.”
t0“Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Diamond”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray protected stored potato tubers better than soil treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- protecting the potato tubers through storagee0
- Direction
- good resultse0
- Comparator
- soil treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments as foliar spray have good results for protecting the potato tubers through storage, than soil treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments enhanced stored potato tuber dry matter, reducing sugars and total carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dry matter, reducing sugars, total carbohydratese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments highly enhanced the stored potato tubers quality, viz, dry matter, reducing sugars, total carbohydrates, specific gravity, and starch content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments enhanced stored potato tuber specific gravity and starch content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- specific gravity, and starch contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments highly enhanced the stored potato tubers quality, viz, dry matter, reducing sugars, total carbohydrates, specific gravity, and starch content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend the treatments as pre-sowing control of Erwinia soft rot.
- Taxon
- Solanum tuberosum L.Solanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- pre-sowing treatment for controlling Erwinia soft rot bacteriae0
ErwiniaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatments can be applied as pre-sowing treatment for controlling Erwinia soft rot bacteria.”
t0“Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Diamond”
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