Abstract
Background Entomopathogenic fungi can live in insects to cause disease and death and are the largest group of entomopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, these fungi are best known for their microbial control potential. Importantly, they also have other beneficial effects, including promoting plant growth and development by colonizing plant. Here, the study sought to identify specific strains of the entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps cateniannulata that would form endophytic associations with tobacco, thus benefiting plant growth and resistance to abiotic stresses, thereby highlighting the application of entomopathogenic fungi in tobacco. Methods The C. cateniannulata -tobacco symbiont was constructed by root irrigation. The effects of C. cateniannulata on tobacco growth were evaluated by measuring the maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, number of leaves, plant height, stem thickness, stem circumference, dry and fresh shoot weight 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after colonization. The peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were measured to observe the impact of C. cateniannulata on tobacco defense enzyme activity. Finally, high-throughput sequencing was used to access microbial communities in the rhizosphere, with data subsequently linked to growth indicators. Results After tobacco was inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8, which significantly promoted growth and related enzyme activity, malondialdehyde was decreased. The most significant impact was on peroxidase, with its activity being upregulated by 98.20, 154.42, 180.65, and 170.38% in the four time periods, respectively. The high throughput sequencing results indicated that C. cateniannulata had changed the rhizosphere microbial relative abundances, such as increasing Acidobacteria and Ascomycetes, and decreasing Actinomycetes and Basidiomycetes. The redundancy analysis showed that C. cateniannulata significantly boosted tobacco growth by reducing the abundance of specific dominant genera such as Stachybotrys , Cephalotrichum , Streptomyces , Isoptericola , and Microbacterium . Conclusion Specific strains of C. cateniannulata can be introduced into host plants as endophytes, resulting in promotion of host plant growth and increased resistance to abiotic stress and microbial pathogens. The study provides a foundation for future studies of C. cateniannulata as an ecological agent.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
C. cateniannulata X8 inoculation significantly promoted tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8e0
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulata X8Cordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After tobacco was inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8, which significantly promoted growth”
Claim · model-written summary
C. cateniannulata X8 significantly promoted enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8e0
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulata X8Cordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- related enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After tobacco was inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8, which significantly promoted growth and related enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
C. cateniannulata X8 decreased tobacco malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8e0
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulata X8Cordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After tobacco was inoculated with C. cateniannulata X8, which significantly promoted growth and related enzyme activity, malondialdehyde was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity rose by 98.20% in the first period.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase, with its activity being upregulated by 98.20, 154.42, 180.65, and 170.38% in the four time periods, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity rose by 154.42% in the second period.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase, with its activity being upregulated by 98.20, 154.42, 180.65, and 170.38% in the four time periods, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity rose by 180.65% in the third period.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase, with its activity being upregulated by 98.20, 154.42, 180.65, and 170.38% in the four time periods, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity rose by 170.38% in the fourth period.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase, with its activity being upregulated by 98.20, 154.42, 180.65, and 170.38% in the four time periods, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C. cateniannulata increased rhizosphere Acidobacteria and Ascomycetes relative abundances.
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulataCordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbial relative abundancese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“C. cateniannulata had changed the rhizosphere microbial relative abundances, such as increasing Acidobacteria and Ascomycetes”
Claim · model-written summary
C. cateniannulata decreased rhizosphere Actinomycetes and Basidiomycetes relative abundances.
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulataCordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbial relative abundancese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“C. cateniannulata had changed the rhizosphere microbial relative abundances, such as increasing Acidobacteria and Ascomycetes, and decreasing Actinomycetes and Basidiomycetes”
Claim · model-written summary
Redundancy analysis associated greater tobacco growth with reduced abundance of five named genera.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulataCordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- tobacco growthe0
- Direction
- boostede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. cateniannulata significantly boosted tobacco growth by reducing the abundance of specific dominant genera such as Stachybotrys , Cephalotrichum , Streptomyces , Isoptericola , and Microbacterium”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that endophytic C. cateniannulata strains improve abiotic stress and pathogen resistance.
- Taxon
- host plantse0
- Treatment
- introduced into host plants as endophytese0
- Interactor
- C. cateniannulataCordyceps cateniannulatae0symbiont
- Outcome
- resistance to abiotic stress and microbial pathogense0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Specific strains of C. cateniannulata can be introduced into host plants as endophytes, resulting in promotion of host plant growth and increased resistance to abiotic stress and microbial pathogens”
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