Abstract
Tobacco is a significant economic crop cultivated in various regions of China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can establish a symbiotic relationship with tobacco and regulate its growth. However, the influences of indigenous AMF on the growth and development of tobacco and their symbiotic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a pot inoculation experiment was conducted, revealing that six inoculants - Acaulospora bireticulata(Ab), Septoglomus viscosum(Sv), Funneliformis mosseae(Fm), Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce), Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri), and the mixed inoculant (H) – all formed stable symbiotic relationships with tobacco. These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content. Notably, among these inoculants, Fm exhibited significantly higher mycorrhizal infection density, arbuscular abundance, and soil spore density in the root systems of tobacco plants compared to other treatments. Membership function analysis confirmed that Fm had the most pronounced growth-promoting effect on tobacco. The transcriptome analysis results of different treatments of CK and inoculation with Fm revealed that 3,903 genes were upregulated and 4,196 genes were downregulated in the roots and stems of tobacco. Enrichment analysis indicated that the majority of these genes were annotated in related pathways such as biological processes, molecular functions, and metabolism. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with auxin, cytokinin, antioxidant enzymes, and carotenoids were significantly enriched in their respective pathways, potentially indirectly influencing the regulation of tobacco plant growth. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the development and application of AMF inoculants to enhance tobacco growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Six inoculants (five AMF species and a mixed inoculant) all formed stable symbiotic relationships with tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Interactor
- Acaulospora bireticulata(Ab), Septoglomus viscosum(Sv), Funneliformis mosseae(Fm), Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce), Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri), and the mixed inoculant (H)e1symbiont
- Outcome
- stable symbiotic relationshipse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“six inoculants - Acaulospora bireticulata(Ab), Septoglomus viscosum(Sv), Funneliformis mosseae(Fm), Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce), Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri), and the mixed inoculant (H) – all formed stable symbiotic relationships with tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculants enhanced the activities of SOD and POD in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- inoculantse1
- Interactor
- inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of SOD, PODe1
- Direction
- enhancee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculants enhanced the activities of PPO and PAL in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- inoculantse1
- Interactor
- inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- PPO, and PALe1
- Direction
- enhancee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculants increased chlorophyll, IAA and CTK contents in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- inoculantse1
- Interactor
- inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK contente1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculants increased soluble sugars and proline levels in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- inoculantse1
- Interactor
- inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugars, and proline levelse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculants reduced malondialdehyde content in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- inoculantse1
- Interactor
- inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
Fm gave significantly higher mycorrhizal infection density, arbuscular abundance and soil spore density in tobacco roots than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- root systemse1
- Treatment
- Fme1
- Interactor
- Fme1symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal infection density, arbuscular abundance, and soil spore densitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fm exhibited significantly higher mycorrhizal infection density, arbuscular abundance, and soil spore density in the root systems of tobacco plants compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Membership function analysis confirmed that Fm had the most pronounced growth-promoting effect on tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- Fme1
- Interactor
- Fme1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth-promoting effecte1
- Direction
- most pronouncede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Membership function analysis confirmed that Fm had the most pronounced growth-promoting effect on tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
In roots and stems of tobacco, 3,903 genes were upregulated after Fm inoculation compared with CK.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- roots and stemse1
- Treatment
- inoculation with Fme1
- Interactor
- Fme1symbiont
- Outcome
- genese1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
- Value
- 3,903e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The transcriptome analysis results of different treatments of CK and inoculation with Fm revealed that 3,903 genes were upregulated and 4,196 genes were downregulated in the roots and stems of tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
In roots and stems of tobacco, 4,196 genes were downregulated after Fm inoculation compared with CK.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- roots and stemse1
- Treatment
- inoculation with Fme1
- Interactor
- Fme1symbiont
- Outcome
- genese1
- Direction
- downregulatede1
- Value
- 4,196e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The transcriptome analysis results of different treatments of CK and inoculation with Fm revealed that 3,903 genes were upregulated and 4,196 genes were downregulated in the roots and stems of tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the differentially expressed genes were annotated in pathways such as biological processes, molecular functions and metabolism.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- annotated in related pathways such as biological processes, molecular functions, and metabolisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the majority of these genes were annotated in related pathways such as biological processes, molecular functions, and metabolism”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes associated with auxin, cytokinin, antioxidant enzymes and carotenoids were significantly enriched in their respective pathways.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes associated with auxin, cytokinin, antioxidant enzymes, and carotenoidse1
- Qualifier
- significantly enriched in their respective pathwayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“differentially expressed genes associated with auxin, cytokinin, antioxidant enzymes, and carotenoids were significantly enriched in their respective pathways”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these enriched genes potentially influence the regulation of tobacco plant growth indirectly.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- regulation of tobacco plant growthe1
- Qualifier
- potentially indirectlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“potentially indirectly influencing the regulation of tobacco plant growth”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.