Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a major woody oilseed species in China, but it is typically cultivated in nutrient-poor soils and may be affected by various trace elements. This study examined how spraying selenium, boron, and zinc trace elements affected the traits and functional active compounds of C. oleifera under nutrient deficiency. The results revealed significant variations in the effects of different trace element combinations on C. oleifera. Optimal concentrations of zinc and selenium are critical for promoting the growth and development of C. oleifera fruit. The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group. Diluting zinc from 1000 to 1500 times and maintaining a selenium concentration from 100 to 200 mg/L has been found to be beneficial for fruit growth. While low concentrations of selenium may promote an increase in fruit transverse diameter, high concentrations of selenium, along with high dilutions of zinc, can have the opposite effect, leading to a reduction in fruit diameter. However, a high concentration of selenium can positively impact the number of seeds per fruit. The most effective combination was found to be a selenium concentration of 0 mg/L, a boron concentration of 4 mg/L, and a zinc dilution of 1500. Interestingly, lower concentrations of selenium and boron, as well as lower dilutions of zinc, were found to increase the oil yield per plant. This suggests that a careful balance of trace elements is required to promote both fruit growth and oil content. The total sterol, squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content of other treatments can be increased by up to 28.81%, 32.07%, 188.04%, and 92.61%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group. Selenium fertilizer and boron fertilizer increased the total sterol content in Camellia oil and had a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level, but zinc fertilizer had little influence on it. High concentration selenium fertilizer generally increased the squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content in Camellia oil, but boron and zinc fertilizers had little effect on these components. The results suggested that choosing appropriate fertilizer combinations could improve nutrient deficiency in C. oleifera and enhance the functional active compounds of its oil, thereby enhancing its value.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Trace element treatments increased fruit transverse diameter by up to 3.07%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleifera
Camellia oleiferat0 - Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- transverse diameter of the fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.07%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased single fruit weight by up to 10.57%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- single fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.57%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased seeds per fruit by up to 23.66%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.66%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased fresh seed weight by up to 30.23%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- single fresh seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.23%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased fruit oil content by up to 7.94%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil content in the fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.94%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased oil yield per plant by up to 21.95%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.95%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Low selenium increased fruit diameter.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of seleniume0
- Outcome
- fruit transverse diametere0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low concentrations of selenium may promote an increase in fruit transverse diameter”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
High selenium and high zinc dilution reduced fruit diameter.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of selenium, along with high dilutions of zince0
- Outcome
- fruit diametere0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high concentrations of selenium, along with high dilutions of zinc, can have the opposite effect, leading to a reduction in fruit diameter.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
High selenium increased seeds per fruit.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- high concentration of seleniume0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per fruite0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high concentration of selenium can positively impact the number of seeds per fruit.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero selenium, 4 mg/L boron and zinc dilution of 1500 was most effective.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- selenium concentration of 0 mg/L, a boron concentration of 4 mg/L, and a zinc dilution of 1500e0
- Outcome
- most effective combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective combination was found to be a selenium concentration of 0 mg/L, a boron concentration of 4 mg/L, and a zinc dilution of 1500.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower selenium and boron concentrations and lower zinc dilutions increased oil yield.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- lower concentrations of selenium and boron, as well as lower dilutions of zince0
- Outcome
- oil yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower concentrations of selenium and boron, as well as lower dilutions of zinc, were found to increase the oil yield per plant.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased total sterol by up to 28.81%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total sterole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.81%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sterol, squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content of other treatments can be increased by up to 28.81%, 32.07%, 188.04%, and 92.61%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased squalene by up to 32.07%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- squalenee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.07%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sterol, squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content of other treatments can be increased by up to 28.81%, 32.07%, 188.04%, and 92.61%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased total flavonoid by up to 188.04%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total flavonoide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 188.04%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sterol, squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content of other treatments can be increased by up to 28.81%, 32.07%, 188.04%, and 92.61%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased polyphenol by up to 92.61%.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- polyphenol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 92.61%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sterol, squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content of other treatments can be increased by up to 28.81%, 32.07%, 188.04%, and 92.61%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium and boron fertilizers increased oil sterol content.
- Treatment
- Selenium fertilizer and boron fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total sterol content in Camellia oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
CamelliaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium fertilizer and boron fertilizer increased the total sterol content in Camellia oil and had a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilizer had little effect on sterol content.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- zinc fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total sterol contente1
- Direction
- little influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc fertilizer had little influence on it.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
e1“Selenium fertilizer and boron fertilizer increased the total sterol content in Camellia oil and had a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level”
Claim · model-written summary
High selenium generally increased squalene, flavonoids and polyphenols.
- Treatment
- High concentration selenium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content in Camellia oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentration selenium fertilizer generally increased the squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content in Camellia oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron and zinc had little effect on those components.
- Taxon
- Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- boron and zinc fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- these componentse0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“boron and zinc fertilizers had little effect on these components.”
t0“Camellia oleifera”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Camellia oleifera (tea-oil Camellia)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · CamelliaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.