Abstract
Late-sowing and high-density cultivation are typical cotton planting models that are widely applied in the Yellow River Valley of China. The model can easily lead to late maturity and reduced yields. Plant topping and ethephon spraying have been shown to improve cotton earliness and yields. However, the optimal topping date and ethephon concentration are yet to be established. A two-year field experiment (2020–2021) was thus conducted to assess the effects of spraying high-concentration ethephon and early topping on the growth, yield, and earliness of cotton under late-sowing and high-density cultivation models. The experiment employed a split-plot design, in which the main plots were sprayed with varying ethephon concentrations (2000 mL/ha, E2000; 4000 mL/ha, E4000; 6000 mL/ha, E6000), while subplots were plant topping dates (T13, 13 July, early-topped; T20, 20 July, suitable-topped; T27, 27 July, late-topped). Higher ethephon concentrations (E4000) increased the earliness of early-topped (T13) plants. Boll-setting and boll-opening rates increased by 12.00% and 16.83% in T13 plants, respectively, relative to T27 plants. However, the shedding rate for T13 plants decreased by 12.00%. Earliness and harvest index (HI) for the T13 plants were higher than those of the T27 plants by 8.01% and 18.91%, respectively. Even though the T13 plant yield decreased slightly, their boll weight increased by 3.99% and 12.27%, respectively, relative to those of the T20 and T27 plants. Earliness increased with increasing ethephon concentration. In conclusion, early topping and higher ethephon concentrations can effectively improve cotton yield and earliness.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
E4000 increased earliness of T13 cotton plants.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Higher ethephon concentrations (E4000)e0
- Outcome
- earlinesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher ethephon concentrations (E4000) increased the earliness of early-topped (T13) plants”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 increased boll-setting rate by 12.00% relative to T27.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e0
- Outcome
- Boll-settinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.00%e0
- Comparator
- T27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boll-setting and boll-opening rates increased by 12.00% and 16.83% in T13 plants, respectively, relative to T27 plants”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 increased boll-opening rate by 16.83% relative to T27.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e0
- Outcome
- boll-opening ratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.83%e0
- Comparator
- T27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boll-setting and boll-opening rates increased by 12.00% and 16.83% in T13 plants, respectively, relative to T27 plants”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 decreased shedding rate by 12.00%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e0
- Outcome
- shedding ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12.00%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shedding rate for T13 plants decreased by 12.00%”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 increased earliness by 8.01% relative to T27.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e0
- Outcome
- Earlinesse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.01%e0
- Comparator
- T27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Earliness and harvest index (HI) for the T13 plants were higher than those of the T27 plants by 8.01% and 18.91%, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 increased harvest index by 18.91% relative to T27.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e0
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18.91%e0
- Comparator
- T27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Earliness and harvest index (HI) for the T13 plants were higher than those of the T27 plants by 8.01% and 18.91%, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 yield decreased slightly.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T13 plant yield decreased slightly”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 boll weight exceeded T20 by 3.99%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e1
- Outcome
- boll weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.99%e0
- Comparator
- T20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their boll weight increased by 3.99% and 12.27%, respectively, relative to those of the T20 and T27 plants”
e1“T13 plant yield decreased slightly”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T13 boll weight exceeded T27 by 12.27%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T13e1
- Outcome
- boll weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.27%e0
- Comparator
- T27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their boll weight increased by 3.99% and 12.27%, respectively, relative to those of the T20 and T27 plants”
e1“T13 plant yield decreased slightly”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Earliness increased as ethephon concentration increased.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ethephon concentratione0
- Outcome
- Earlinesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Earliness increased with increasing ethephon concentration”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude early topping and high ethephon can improve yield and earliness.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- early topping and higher ethephon concentrations can effectively improve cotton yield and earlinesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early topping and higher ethephon concentrations can effectively improve cotton yield and earliness”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.