Abstract
AbsractTo investigate the water uptake, anatomical and biochemical changes of sorghum, three genotypes including grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor], Sudan grass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] and Johnson grass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] were subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG 60000)-induced drought stress (PEG 60000) at 0, −0.15, and −0.3 MPa levels, hydroponically. In all genotypes, stele diameter decreased as osmotic potential of the medium decreased and the largest stele diameter (247 µm) was observed in Johnson grass at control and declined to 196 µm under −0.3 MPa PEG. Drought affected the diameter of peripheral metaxylem (PMX) and central metaxylem (CMX), negatively. The number of PMX and CMX in Johnson grass was 36 and 200% more than in grain sorghum under −0.3 MPa PEG, respectively. In all genotypes, chlorophyll a and b declined under drought, but in Johnson grass, it only decreased 25 and 29%, respectively. Johnson grass had the highest total chlorophyll content, while carotenoid content was stable under drought stress in this genotype. Drought stress increased catalase and peroxidase activities but decreased relative water content (RWC) and hydraulic conductivity (hc). Under drought, the higher seedling dry weight and root to shoot ratio in Johnson grass might be related to higher hc, total chlorophyll content, and RWC. Moreover, Johnson grass showed less water loss and more efficiency in water uptake under induced drought stress; and it could be attributed to the larger stele diameter, number, and diameter of PMX, substantiating their roles in drought adaptation.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Stele diameter declined as osmotic potential declined in all sorghum genotypes.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all genotypes, stele diameter decreased as osmotic potential of the medium decreased”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass stele diameter decreased from 247 µm under control to 196 µm at −0.3 MPa PEG.
- Taxon
- Johnson grass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee0 - Treatment
- −0.3 MPa PEGe0
- Outcome
- stele diametere0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 196 µme0
- Qualifier
- 247 µme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the largest stele diameter (247 µm) was observed in Johnson grass at control and declined to 196 µm under −0.3 MPa PEG.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought negatively affected peripheral and central metaxylem diameters.
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- diameter of peripheral metaxylem (PMX) and central metaxylem (CMX)e0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought affected the diameter of peripheral metaxylem (PMX) and central metaxylem (CMX), negatively.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass had 36% more peripheral metaxylem elements than grain sorghum under −0.3 MPa PEG.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Material
- Johnson grasse0
- Outcome
- number of PMXe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 36e0
- Qualifier
- −0.3 MPa PEGe0
- Comparator
- grain sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of PMX and CMX in Johnson grass was 36 and 200% more than in grain sorghum under −0.3 MPa PEG, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass had 200% more central metaxylem elements than grain sorghum under −0.3 MPa PEG.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Material
- Johnson grasse0
- Outcome
- CMXe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 200%e0
- Qualifier
- −0.3 MPa PEGe0
- Comparator
- grain sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of PMX and CMX in Johnson grass was 36 and 200% more than in grain sorghum under −0.3 MPa PEG, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced chlorophyll a and b in all genotypes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all genotypes, chlorophyll a and b declined under drought”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass chlorophyll a fell by only 25% under drought.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Treatment
- droughtt1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Johnson grass, it only decreased 25 and 29%, respectively.”
e1“chlorophyll a and b declined under drought”
t1“drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass chlorophyll b fell by only 29% under drought.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Johnson grass, it only decreased 25 and 29%, respectively.”
e1“chlorophyll a and b declined under drought”
t1“drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass had the highest total chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Johnson grass had the highest total chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass carotenoid content remained stable under drought.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee1
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoid content was stable under drought stress in this genotype.”
e1“Johnson grass had the highest total chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised catalase and peroxidase activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress increased catalase and peroxidase activities”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought lowered relative water content and hydraulic conductivity.
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC) and hydraulic conductivity (hc)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased relative water content (RWC) and hydraulic conductivity (hc).”
t0“sorghum”
e1“Drought stress increased catalase and peroxidase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, Johnson grass had higher seedling dry weight and root to shoot ratio, possibly related to its hydraulic conductivity, chlorophyll and water content.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Material
- Johnson grasse0
- Outcome
- seedling dry weight and root to shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- higher hc, total chlorophyll content, and RWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought, the higher seedling dry weight and root to shoot ratio in Johnson grass might be related to higher hc, total chlorophyll content, and RWC.”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass had less water loss under induced drought.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Outcome
- water losse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- induced drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Johnson grass showed less water loss and more efficiency in water uptake under induced drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnson grass had more efficient water uptake under induced drought.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee0
- Outcome
- efficiency in water uptakee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- induced drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Johnson grass showed less water loss and more efficiency in water uptake under induced drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute Johnson grass drought adaptation to larger stele and metaxylem structures.
- Taxon
- Johnson grassSorghum halepensee1
- Outcome
- drought adaptatione0
- Qualifier
- larger stele diameter, number, and diameter of PMXe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it could be attributed to the larger stele diameter, number, and diameter of PMX, substantiating their roles in drought adaptation.”
e1“Johnson grass showed less water loss”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.