Abstract
Abstract Aims Inoculation with climate-adapted rhizobia is able to increase legume productivity in drought-prone regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Enhanced nodulation might additionally affect plant-soil interactions and control rhizosphere carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. Methods We investigated inoculation effects on nodulation and biological N 2 fixation (BNF) of Vigna unguiculata and consequent effects on C and N pools in two Namibian soils. Three treatments ( Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7 inoculant, non-inoculated, N-fertilised with 50 kg N ha −1 ) were applied in rhizoboxes at 45% and 20% maximum water holding capacity. Nodule development was photo-documented, and rhizobia-DNA sequences were identified. BNF was assessed by δ 15 N enrichment, and organic C and N pools were analysed in bulk and root adherent soil. Results Plant growth initially enhanced mineral N losses from the rhizosphere at flowering stage (6 weeks growth), but led to a re-increase of N, and organic C contents after ripening (10 weeks). Inoculation had no effect on nodulation and soil C and N pools, indicating that both soils contained sufficient indigenous rhizobia to allow effective nodulation. However, the inoculant strain was more competitive in establishing itself in the root nodules, depending on the local conditions, showing a need for regional adjustment of inoculation strategies. Conclusion Water stress was the main limitation for nodulation and, in combination with soil type, substantially affected rhizosphere and bulk soil C and N contents. The temporally enhanced rhizodeposition after ripening could be able to maintain soil C and N pools after legume cultivation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium inoculation had no effect on cowpea nodulation compared with non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7 inoculante2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7e2symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulatione1
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“Inoculation had no effect on nodulation and soil C and N pools”
e2“Three treatments ( Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7 inoculant, non-inoculated, N-fertilised with 50 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium inoculation had no effect on soil C and N pools under cowpea compared with non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7 inoculante2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7e2symbiont
- Outcome
- soil C and N poolse1
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“Inoculation had no effect on nodulation and soil C and N pools”
e2“Three treatments ( Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7 inoculant, non-inoculated, N-fertilised with 50 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth initially enhanced mineral N losses from the rhizosphere at the flowering stage.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee3
- Outcome
- mineral N losses from the rhizospheree3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e3“Plant growth initially enhanced mineral N losses from the rhizosphere at flowering stage (6 weeks growth)”
Claim · model-written summary
After ripening, N and organic C contents of the soil re-increased.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- ripeninge4
- Outcome
- N, and organic C contentse4
- Direction
- re-increasee4
- Qualifier
- after ripening (10 weeks)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e4“re-increase of N, and organic C contents after ripening (10 weeks)”
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculant strain was more competitive in establishing itself in root nodules, depending on local conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7e2symbiont
- Outcome
- establishing itself in the root nodulese5
- Qualifier
- depending on the local conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e5“the inoculant strain was more competitive in establishing itself in the root nodules, depending on the local conditions”
e2“Three treatments ( Bradyrhizobium sp.1–7 inoculant, non-inoculated, N-fertilised with 50 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress was the main limitation for nodulation of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Water stresse6
- Outcome
- nodulatione6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e6“Water stress was the main limitation for nodulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress in combination with soil type substantially affected rhizosphere and bulk soil C and N contents of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Water stresse6
- Outcome
- rhizosphere and bulk soil C and N contentse7
- Qualifier
- soil typee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e6“Water stress was the main limitation for nodulation”
e7“in combination with soil type, substantially affected rhizosphere and bulk soil C and N contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Temporally enhanced rhizodeposition after ripening could maintain soil C and N pools after cowpea cultivation.
- Taxon
- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)Vigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- soil C and N poolse1
- Qualifier
- temporally enhanced rhizodeposition after ripeninge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“The temporally enhanced rhizodeposition after ripening could be able to maintain soil C and N pools after legume cultivation”
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See all 69 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.